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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
EXCHANGE OF GASES
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What is Human Respiration?
The human respiratory system allows one to obtain oxygen, eliminate carbon dioxide.
Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration and expiration
Inspiration- the process of taking in air
Expiration- the process of blowing out air
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Human Respiratory System
Figure 10.1
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Organs in the Respiratory SystemSTRUCTURE FUNCTION
nose / nasal cavitywarms, moistens, & filters air as it is
inhaled
pharynx (throat) passageway for air, leads to trachea
larynxthe voice box, where vocal chords are
located
trachea (windpipe)
keeps the windpipe "open"
trachea is lined with fine hairs called
cilia which filter air before it reaches the
lungs
bronchitwo branches at the end of the trachea,
each lead to a lung
bronchioles
a network of smaller branches leading from
the bronchi into the lung tissue &
ultimately to air sacs
alveolithe functional respiratory units in the lung
where gases are exchanged
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Components of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.2
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Passageway for respiration
Receptors for smell
Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign material
Moistens and warms incoming air
Resonating chambers for voice
Upper Respiratory Tract Functions
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Components of the Lower Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.3
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Functions:
Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production
Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
Bronchi: branch into lungs
Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange
Lower Respiratory Tract
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Gas Exchange Between the Blood and Alveoli
Figure 10.8A
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Respiratory Cycle
Figure 10.9
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Measurement of Lung Capacity
Figure 10.10A
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Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System
asthma
severe allergic reaction
characterized by the
constriction of bronchioles
bronchitisinflammation of the lining of
the bronchioles
emphysema
condition in which the alveoli
deteriorate, causing the lungs
to lose their elasticity
pneumonia
condition in which the alveoli
become filled with fluid,
preventing the exchange of
gases
lung cancer
irregular & uncontrolled
growth of tumors in the lung
tissue
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Breathing (ventilation): air in to and out of lungs
External respiration: gas exchange between air and blood
Internal respiration: gas exchange between blood and tissues
Cellular respiration: oxygen use to produce ATP, carbon dioxide as waste
Four Respiration Processes