powerpoint lecture slide presentation by vince austin ... · pdf fileelaine n. marieb...

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Human Anatomy & Physiology FIFTH EDITION

Elaine N. Marieb

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Vince Austin


ARTERIAL BLOOD

SUPPLY

Dr. Nabil Khouri


• The vascular system plays the critical role In:

• Delivering nutrients

• Clearing metabolic waste products from peripheral tissues

• Maintaining systemic core temperature.

Vascular flow is controlled by various processes, including:

• Vessels anatomy & histology structure

• Vascular tone, which is controlled by neuroendocrine hormones along with autonomic nervous system influence

• End-organ metabolic requirements.

The Vascular system


Two cardiovascular circulation

• Pulmonary circulation

– blood to and from the lungs

• System circulation

– blood to and from the rest of the body

• Vessels carry the blood through these circuits

– Arteries carry blood away from the heart

– Veins carry blood to the heart

– Capillaries permit exchange


5


Pulmonary

Circulation

• Pulmonary trunk branches

– Right and left pulmonary arteries

– Division into lobar arteries

• 3 on right

• 2 on left

– Smaller and smaller arterioles, into capillaries surrounding alveoli

• Gas exchange

• Pulmonary system pressure is only 1/6 of systemic blood pressure

After gas exchange blood enters

venules

Larger and larger into Superior

and Inferior Pulmonary veins

Four Pulmonary Veins empty

into left atrium


Systemic Circulation

• Oxygenated blood to body • Leaves LV through Ascending Aorta

– It has Only 2 branches: the left and right coronary arteries

• Aortic Arch has three arteries branching from it: 1. Brachiocephalic trunk, has 2 branches:

• Right common carotid a. • Right subclavian a.

2. Left common carotid a. 3. Left subclavian a.

7


Aorta and Its Major Branches


Arteries of the Head and Neck

Coronary arteries and sinuses


Ligamentum arteriosum & Vagus Narve


Arteries of the Head and Neck

External Carotid A


Internal carotid A.

– Enters skull through carotid canal

– Gives off:

• Ophthalmic artery

– Then divides into anterior and middle cerebral arteries

together they supply 80% of cerebrum


Arteries of the Brain


Arteries of the Upper limb

• Subclavian runs laterally onto 1st rib, under clavicle

• Enters axilla as axillary artery – Sends branches

• Continues as brachial artery in upper arm – Splits into radial &

ulnar arteries

– See hand supply


The axillary artery

The axillary artery is

separated into three

parts by the pectoralis

minor muscle, which

crosses anteriorly to the

vessel :

• The first part is

proximal to pectoralis

minor;

• The second part is

posterior to pectoralis

minor;

• The third part is distal

to pectoralis minor.


Generally, six branches arise from the axillary

artery:

• One branch, the superior thoracic artery, originates from the first part;

• Two branches, the thoraco-acromial artery and the lateral thoracic artery, originate from the second part;

• Three branches, the subscapular artery, the anterior circumflex humeral artery, and the posterior circumflex humeral artery, originate from the third part


Branches of the

axillary artery.


Brachial artery


Arteries of the anterior

compartment of the

forearm.


Superficial

Palmar arch.


Deep palmar arch.


Important clinical anatomy fact

• In approximately 80% of patients, the deep and superficial palmar arches are connected and are referred to as complete.

• This results in a Dual perfusion supply to the common and proper digital vessels.

• This is an important attribute of hand vascular architecture, providing collateral blood flow in the event of vascular pathology affecting one of these palmar arches.


Where to take peripheral artery pulses in the upper limb.


Descending

Aorta

• Anterior intercostals are branchs off the Internal thoracic* (A branch of subclavian)

• Posterior intercostals are branchs off the Thoracic aorta


The Abdominal Aorta • At rest, ½ arterial blood is here!

• Three single (Unpaired) midline branches supply the digestive tract

1. Celiac trunk

2. Superior mesenteric artery

3. Inferior mesenteric artery

1.

2.

3.


1. Celiac trunk: divides into 3 right away: left gastric, splenic & common hepatic

1.

2.


2. Superior mesenteric supplies most of intestines 3. Inferior mesenteric supplies distal half of large intestine

2.

3.

1.


Arteries to the abdomen • The Paired branches off the abdominal aorta supply

adrenal glands, kidneys, gonads and abdominal body wall

supply

diaphragm

3.

supply

adrenals

to kidney


Terminal branches of the abdominal Aorta

• Abdominal aorta terminal branches are the two: the Rt and Lt Common iliacs

• At L4; each will terminate by dividing into: – Internal iliacs to pelvic organs, perineum, buttocks, medial

thighs

– External iliacs: to rest of lower limbs


• External iliac passes

under inguinal ligament

becoming Femoral

artery

• At back of knee femoral

becomes popliteal

artery, and branches

Feel dorslis pedis &

posterior tibial


Plantar arches


Dorsal branches from anterior tibial artery


Arteries to the uterus and vagina

powerpoint lecture slide presentation by vince austin ... · pdf fileelaine n. marieb...

Documents