Psychology 3510Personality

June 18, 2012

Test 2

• Thursday• Chapters 3, 4, 5, and 6• 48 Multiple Choice• 12 True/False• 2 (out of 3) Short Answer/Essay

Erik Erikson• Identity Theory

• Influence of life experiences– Identity crises– Career establishment– Broken trend– Cultural influence

Psychosocial Stages

• Eight stages of personality development– Epigenetic principle of maturation– Influenced by nature– Marked by crises• Adaptive coping• Maladaptive coping• Balance• Need of resolution• Development of “basic strength”

– Four influenced by others– Four influenced by self

Psychological Stages

Activity:

Get into pairs. Identify a popularly known individual or character (in a TV show, movie, comic, etc.) that exhibits behavior that indicates either successful or unsuccessful crisis resolution for the stage you were assigned. Be prepared to discuss the conflict successful and unsuccessful behaviors.

Oral-sensory• Example?

• Birth-age 1

• Fully dependent on oral sustenance

• Trust vs. Distrust

• Success vs. failure to cope– Expect consistency, reliability– Suspicious, fearful

• Basic Strength: Hope

Muscular-Anal• Example?

• Age 1-3

• Muscular development/increasing autonomy

• Autonomy vs. Self-doubt and shame

• Success vs. failure to cope– Holding on in a loving way– Holding on in a restrictive way; letting go in a

hostile way

• Basic Strength: Will

Locomotor-Genital• Example?

• Age 3-5

• Increasing will to accomplish more

• Initiative vs. Guilt

• Success vs. failure to cope– Increasing efforts at autonomous

behaviors; confidence and understanding of appropriate behaviors

– Persistent guilt

• Basic Strength: Purpose

Latency• Example?

• Age 6-11

• Exposure to society

• Industriousness vs. Inferiority

• Success vs. failure to cope– Strive to accomplish goals and complete

tasks– Form low self-esteem, become

unmotivated

• Basic Strength: Competence

Adolescence• Example?

• Age 12-18

• Formation of ego identity

• Identity cohesion vs. Identity crisis

• Success vs. failure to cope– Achievement of integration, confidence

with identity– Lack confidence with identity, withdrawal

• Basic Strength: Fidelity

Activity

• Watch video at

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WGNAwdkoGo

• Discuss role conflicts and identity cohesion vs. identity crisis and how might affect later development

Young Adulthood• Example?

• Age 18-35

• Maintenance of identity across roles and in relationships

• Intimacy vs. Isolation

• Success vs. failure to cope– Ability to show emotions, behave

responsibly, merge but not submerge– Feel isolated, avoid social situations, fear

intimacy

• Basic Strength: Love

Adulthood• Example?

• Age 35-55

• Maturity and guidance

• Generativity vs. Stagnation

• Success vs. failure to cope– Seeking/finding outlets to teach, mentor,

guide– Engage in self-indulgence, become self-

absorbed

• Basic Strength: Care

Maturity-Old Age• Example: John Wayne

• Age 55+

• Evaluation of life

• Ego Integrity vs. Despair

• Success vs. failure to cope– Acceptance of one’s place and one’s past– Become self-disgusted, bitter,

contemptuous

• Basic Strength: Wisdom

ActivityWatch 8-stages Hoedown

Empirical Evidence• Young children asked to make up

stories did so reflecting themes for their stage

• Inventory of Psychosocial Development – 22 year study– Followed 474 college students– Favorable outcomes of later stages

dependent on crisis resolution at earlier stages

• Better coping found with aging (exposure and resolution to earlier crises)

Analysis

• Play therapy – watch how children and adolescents interact with objects

• Anthropology - Immersion

• Psychohistorical analysis – Examine each stage and focus on crisis

Additional Considerations

• Ethnic identity– Denial of identity leads to stress

– Choice of friends based on identity (African Americans)

– Experience of racism leads to lower levels of psychological functioning

Additional Considerations

• Gender identity– Blacks and Hispanics experience

more pressure to conform– Gender preference conflicts leads to

negative psychological effects (depression, anxiety, substance abuse, etc.)

ActivityView David’s Story

Human Nature

Free Will Determinism

Nature Nurture

Past Present

Uniqueness Universality

Equilibrium Growth

Optimism Pessimism

• Complete the picture:

Human Nature

Free Will Determinism

Nature Nurture

Past Present

Uniqueness Universality

Equilibrium Growth

Optimism Pessimism

Homework Assignment 3

• Due at beginning of class 06/26/12• Write a short essay (detailed

instructions on following page)– Typed– Using correct grammar, punctuation,

and structure– > one paragraph– ≤ two pages– 1” margins– Short header

• Name• Date

Homework Assignment 3 - Questions

Using Johnny Carson’s obituary, answer the following questions based on your reading of Chapter 8 and your understanding of the Five-Factor Model proposed by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa.

• What would a personality psychologist say about Johnny Carson’s disposition? Was he neurotic or emotionally stable? Extraverted or introverted? Open or conventional? Agreeable or disagreeable? Conscientious or aimless? Give explicit examples to support your conclusions.

• What does the life of Johnny Carson illustrate about the stability and change of human personality? What stayed the same and what changed about him over the course of his life?

Homework 2 Grading Rubric

Basic – 1-23 Competent - 23-62 Master – 63-100

Neuroticism/Stable0-14 points Identification

3 points

Identification and one example9 points

Identification and multiple examples14 points

Extraverted/introverted0-14 points Identification

3 points

Identification and one example9 points

Identification and multiple examples14 points

Open/conventional0-14 points Identification

3 points

Identification and one example9 points

Identification and multiple examples14 points

Agreeable/disagreeable0-14 points Identification

3 points

Identification and one example9 points

Identification and multiple examples14 points

Conscientious/aimless0-14 points Identification

3 points

Identification and one example9 points

Identification and multiple examples14 points

Stability/change0-30 points

Conclusion about stability/change8 points

Conclusion and one example18 points

Conclusion and multiple examples30 points

Wrap-up and Preview

Thursday Test:Erik Erikson