powerpoint presentation · © 2015 qualcomm technologies, inc. and/or its affiliates. may 2015 john...

© 2015 QUALCOMM Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliates.

May 2015

John E. Smee, Ph.D.

Sr. Director, Engineering

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.


This presentation addresses potential use cases and views on characteristics of 5G technology and is not intended to reflect a commitment to the characteristics or commercialization of any

product or service of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. or its affiliates.

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© 2015 QUALCOMM Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliates.3

Wide Area IOE

Mobile broadband

High reliability services

Increased Indoor/ outdoor hotspot

capacity

Smart homes/buildings

Health & fitness, medical response

Sensing what’s around, autonomous

vehicles

Remote control, process

automation

5G targets a range of services and devices

Smart city, smart grid and infrastructure

Enhanced mobile

broadband


Technology enablers for improved system designs

4

Technology

Improved RF/antenna capabilities

Improved radio processing

Improved baseband processing

Virtualized Network Elements

Air Interface Impact

New mmWave bands, and Massive MIMO

with new PHY/MAC design across bands

Faster narrow/wide bandwidth switching

and TDD switching

Lower latency and faster turn around,

new PHY/MAC algorithms

Dynamically move processing between

cloud and edge

• Drive fundamental improvements in user experience, coverage, and cost efficiency

• Deliver high quality of experience and new services across topologies and cell sizes

• New designs below 6 GHz and above 6 GHz including mmWave


Unified 5G design across spectrum types and bandsFrom narrowband to wideband, licensed & unlicensed, TDD & FDD

5

5G

Range of application requirements

Diverse spectrum typesBand

Single component

carrier channel

Bandwidth examples

Target

Characteristics

FDD/TDD <3 GHz 1, 5, 10, 20MHz

Deep coverage, mobility,

high spectral efficiency,

High reliability, wide area IoE

TDD

≥3GHz

(e.g. 3.8-4.2, 4.4-

4.9)

80, 160MHzOutdoor & indoor, mesh,

Peak rates up to 10gbps

TDD 5GHz 160, 320MHz Unlicensed

TDD mmWave 250, 500 MHz, 1, 2 GHz Indoor & outdoor small cell,

access & backhaul


5G design across servicesEnabling phased feature rollout based on spectrum and applications

6

5G Enhanced Broadband

• Lower latency scalable numerology across bands and

bandwidths, e.g. 160 MHz

• Integrated TDD subframe for licensed, unlicensed

• TDD fast SRS design for e.g. 4GHz massive MIMO

• Device centric MAC with minimized broadcast

…

mmWave

• Sub6 GHz & mmWave

• Integrated MAC

• Access and backhaul

• mmWave beam tracking

Wide area IoE

• Low energy waveform

• Optimized link budget

• Decreased overheads

• Managed mesh

High reliability

• Low latency bounded delay

• Optimized PHY/pilot/HARQ

• Efficient multiplexing of low

latency with nominal


Designing Forward Compatibility into 5GEnabling flexible feature phasing

7

WAN D2D

hig

h r

elia

bilit

y

WAN

Compatible frame structure design for multiple

modes (5Gsub6, high reliability, D2D, mmW, etc.)

− Enable future features to be deployed on a different

frequency in a tightly integrated manner, e.g. 5Gsub6

control for mmW

Vertical service multiplexing on the same carrier

Hig

h r

elia

bilit

y

mmWave & 5Gsub6

5Gsub6

mmWave

Blank subframes and blank frequency resources

− Minimized broadcast

− Enable future features to be deployed on the same

frequency in a synchronous and asynchronous manner


Multi connectivity across bands & technologies4G+5G multi-connectivity improves coverage and mobility

8

Rural area

4G+5G

Sub-urban area4G+5G

Leverage 4G investments to enable phased 5G rollout

4G & 5G

small cell coverage

Macro5G carrier aggregation with

integrated MAC across

sub-6GHz & above 6GHz

Smallcell

multimode device

Simultaneous connectivityacross 5G, 4G and Wi-Fi

Urban area

4G & 5G macro coverage


5G targeting enhanced mobile broadband requirements

9

Key requirements

• Uniform user experience

• Increased network capacity

• Higher peak rates

• Improved cost & energy efficiency

Technical considerations

• Scalable numerology and TTI to support various

spectrum and QoS requirements

• Massive MIMO to achieve high capacity, better

coverage, and low network power consumption

• Self-contained TDD subframes to enable massive

MIMO and other deployment scenarios

• Device centric MAC to reduce network energy

consumption & improve mobility management


5G scalable numerology to meet varied deployment/application/complexity requirements

10

160MHz bandwidth

Sub-carrier spacing = 8NIndoor

Wideband

(e.g. unlicensed)

Sub-carrier spacing = 2N

80MHz

Normal CP

(e.g. outdoor

picocell)

500MHz bandwidth

Sub-carrier spacing = 16N

mmWave

Note: not drawn to scale ECP

FG

NCP

ECP

ECP

FG

NCP

TTI k TTI k+1 TTI k+2

Numerology Multiplexing

5G mmW synchronized to 5Gsub6 at e.g. 125us TTI level for common MAC, along

with scaled subcarrier spacing, and timing alignment with 1ms LTE subframes


Driving down air-interface latency & enabling service multiplexing

11

Order of magnitude lower HARQ RTT − Faster processing time and shorter TTI

− Driving down HARQ latency and storage

Self-contained TDD subframes− Integrated approach to licensed spectrum,

Massive MIMO, unlicensed spectrum, D2D

− Decoupling UL/DL data ratio from latency

− Very low application layer latency

High reliability

High reliability

High reliability

Nominal short

Nominal medium

Nominal long

2N scaling of TTI

Provides various levels of QoS, hence bundled

TTI design for latency/efficiency tradeoff

− Short TTI traffic with low latency and high reliability

− Long TTI for low latency and higher spectral efficiency

Service aware TTI multiplexing

0 1 0 1

ACK0

Data

ACKACK

1ACK

0

Data GP

ACK

FDD

TDD

HARQ RTT

TTI

TTI


Self-contained TDD subframesDecouple HARQ processing timeline from uplink/downlink configuration

12

Cellular DL or mesh/D2D

transmission scheduled subframe

Control

(Tx)

Data

(Tx) Gu

ard

P

eri

od Uplink

(Rx)

• To transmit control, data

and pilots

• To receive ACK and other

uplink control channels

Enhanced subframeAdditional headers/trailers for advanced deployment scenarios

PDCCH

(Tx)

Data

(Tx) Gu

ard

P

eri

od

Uplink(Rx)

• To support massive MIMO/ unlicensed/D2D/mesh/COMP

• E.g. headers associated with Clear Channel Assessment (CCA),

hidden node discovery protocol for 5G unlicensed spectrum

access

Note: Multiple users are typically multiplexed over each control/data region in FDM/TDM/SDM manner


5G modulation and access techniques

13

OFDM for enhanced mobile broadband access

− 5G broadband access requires the following

− Low latency

− Wide channel bandwidth and high data rate

− Low complexity per bit

− OFDM is well suited to meet these requirements due to the following characteristics

− Scalable symbol duration and subcarrier spacing

− Low complexity receiver for wide bandwidth

− Efficiently supports MIMO spatial multiplexing and multiuser SDMA

− OFDM implementations allow for additional transmit/receiver filtering based on link and adjacent

channel requirements

In addition, resource spread multiple access (RSMA) waveforms have advantages for

uplink short data bursts such as low power IoE− Supports asynchronous, non-orthogonal, contention based access

− Reduces IoE device power overhead


5G coverage layer improvements (1.7km intra-site distance)with 4GHz massive MIMO & new TDD SF design

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• Gains of 4 GHz Massive MIMO with 80MHz compared to 2GHz with 2Tx DL over 20 MHz

• Leverage same cell tower locations and same transmit power as legacy systems (no new cell planning)

• Cell-edge user @ 1km cell radius still able to scale up throughput with bandwidth (for ~80 Mbps)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 10 100 1000

CD

F

User Throughput (Mbps)

2Rx devices

80MHz bandwidth, 24x2


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 10 100 1000

User Throughput (Mbps)

4Rx devices



Assumptions: 46 dBm Tx power


mmW deployment scenarios

Stand alone mmW access Collocated mmW + 5Gsub6 access

mmW integrated access & backhaul relayNon-collocated mmW + 5Gsub6 access

5Gsub6 mmW15


Advanced multicell scheduling algorithms improvemmWave user experience

16

Coordinated scheduling techniques reduce interference and improve user experienceNon-trivial interference from neighboring cell transmissions in mmW bands for small cell radii of ~100m

0 dB 5 dB 10 dB 15 dB 20 dB 25 dB 30 dB0

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Interference measure (SNR - SINR)

No coordination

Limited coordination

Full coordination


5G device centric MACControl plane improvements for energy efficiency and mobility

17

Zone 1

coverage

Coverage for zone 2

Serving cluster

Device side: light weight mobility

− Transparent mobility within a device centric zone

− Coordinated control plane processing for tightly

coupled cluster

Network energy saving with less broadcast

− On-demand system info. transmission

− When no devices are around, base station only

provides a low periodicity beacon for initial

discovery

− When a few devices enter coverage, base station

provides system information via on demand unicast

− When many devices are present (or SI changes),

base station can revert to broadcast

Zone 3

coverage

Transmit

periodic sync

Transmit

SIB

No SIB

Transmission

SIB transmission request No SIB transmission request

http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-illustration-11638078-mobil-phone.php

http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-illustration-11638078-mobil-phone.php


5G targeting high reliability service requirements

18

Key requirements

• High reliability and availability

• Low end-to-end latency

• Minimal impacts to nominal traffic while

meeting reliability and latency

requirements

Technical considerations

• Integrated nominal/high-reliability system design

- New PHY coding, New FEC, and link-adaptation framework

for efficient traffic multiplexing

• Low latency design

- Efficient HARQ structure for fast turn-around

- Scalable TTI for latency, reliability & efficiency tradeoff

• High reliability design

- Large diversity orders to support bursty high-reliability traffic

- New link adaptation paradigm for lower error rates


Hard latency bound and PHY/MAC design

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2nd tx queue

1st tx queue

Residual RTT

Poisson arrivals

3rd tx queue

nth tx queue

time

freq.

...

1st Tx HARQ

2nd Tx HARQ

3rd Tx HARQ

nth Tx HARQ

Packet drop at Rx

Successful

transmission

Failed transmission

Failed 1st Tx

Failed 2nd Tx

Failed (n-1)th Tx

...

Highest

priority

Lowest

priorityPa

ck

et lo

ss a

t Tx

• Causes of packet drop1. Last transmission fails at Rx2. Delay exceeds deadline at Tx queues

Single-cell multi-user evaluation/queueing model


Increased reliability benefits from wideband multiplexing

20

Wider bandwidth provides significant capacity benefits

• FDM of high-reliability/nominal traffic is sub-optimal

At lower bandwidth, achieving very low latency bound

requires drop in reliability

Notes: e.g. 256 bit control every 10ms: 40 machines is 1 Mbps.

Packet Error Rate (PER) results based on -3dB cell edge worse case scenario.

Reliability = 1e-4

Reliability, Capacity, Latency, Bandwidth Tradeoff

0 0.5ms 1ms 1.5 2ms 2.5ms 3ms0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Hard delay bound

Hig

h r

elia

bili

ty c

apacity (

Mbps)

total BW = 20MHz

total BW = 10MHz

~3X gain

0 0.5ms 1ms 1.5ms 2ms 2.5ms 3ms0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Hard delay bound

Hig

h r

elia

bili

ty c

apacity (

Mbps)

Asymptotic capacity

reliability 1e-2

reliability 1e-4

BW = 10 MHzReliability = 1e-4


5G targeting wide area IOE requirements

21

Key requirements

• Superior coverage for supporting

remote and deep indoor nodes

• Low power consumption to

enable longer battery life

• Better support low rate bursty

communications from multiple

device types including

smartphone bursty traffic

• Scalability to enable massive

number of connections

Technical Approaches

IOE

IOE

IOEIOE

IOE

Direct access on

licensed e.g. FDD

Mesh on unlicensed or

partitioned with uplink FDD

Uplink IOE

Non-Orthogonal

Distributed Scheduling

Downlink IOE

Orthogonal

Centralized Scheduling

Non-orthogonal RSMA

• Resource spread multiple

access

• Avoids energy cost of

establishing synchronism

• Distributed scheduling

Uplink mesh downlink direct

• Leverage DL sync

• Coverage extension


5G design across servicesEnabling phased feature rollout based on spectrum and applications

22

5G Enhanced Broadband

• Lower latency scalable numerology across bands and

bandwidths, e.g. 160 MHz

• Integrated TDD subframe for licensed, unlicensed

• TDD fast SRS design for e.g. 4GHz massive MIMO

• Device centric MAC with minimized broadcast

…

mmWave

• Sub6 GHz & mmWave

• Integrated MAC

• Access and backhaul

• mmWave beam tracking

Wide area IoE

• Low energy waveform

• Optimized link budget

• Decreased overheads

• Managed mesh

High reliability

• Low latency bounded delay

• Optimized PHY/pilot/HARQ

• Efficient multiplexing of low

latency with nominal

For more information on Qualcomm, visit us at:

www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog

© 2015 QUALCOMM Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries,

used with permission. Other products or brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsidiaries or business units within the

Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio.

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s engineering,

research and development functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT.

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powerpoint presentation · © 2015 qualcomm technologies, inc. and/or its affiliates. may 2015 john...

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