Annie Besant School

Submitted To: Submitted By:-Jyoti Pandey Saniya Kushwah

Class 9th “B”

Sub:-Social ScienceTopic :-Indra Gandhi

INTRODUCTIONIndira Priyadarshini Gandhi (19 November

1917 – 31 October 1984) was the first female Prime Minister of India and central figure of the Indian National Congress party. Indira Gandhi, who served from 1966 to 1977 and then again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984, is the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of India and the only woman to hold the office.

Family and Personal LifeA member of the Nehru-Gandhi family, she was married

to Feroze Gandhi at the age of 25, in 1942. Their marriage lasted for 18 years, until Feroze died after a heart attack in 1960. They had two sons - Rajiv (b. 1944) and Sanjay (b. 1946). Her younger son Sanjay had initially been her chosen heir; but after his death in a flying accident in June 1980, Gandhi persuaded her reluctant elder son Rajiv to quit his job as a pilot and enter politics in February 1981. Rajiv took office as prime minister following his mother's assassination in 1984; he served until December 1989. Over a decade later, Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated.

AwardsAfter leading India to victory against Pakistan

in the Bangladesh liberation war in 1971, PresidentV. V. Giri awarded Mrs. Gandhi India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna., In 2011, the Banglades Freedom Honour (Bangladesh Swadhinata Sammanona ), Bangladesh's highest civilian award, was posthumously conferred on Indira Gandhi for her outstanding contributions to Bangladesh's Liberation War.

Early Life and CareearIndira Gandhi was born Indira Nehru in a Kashmiri Pandit

family on 19 November 1917 in Allahabad. Her father, Jawaharlal Nehru, was a leading figure in India's political struggle for independence  from British rule, and became the first Prime Minister of the Union(and later Republic) of India. She was the only child (a younger brother was born, but died young), and grew up with her mother,Kamala Nehru, at the Anand Bhavan; a large family estate in Allahabad. She had a lonely and unhappy childhood. Her father was often away, directing political activities or being incarcerated in prison, while her mother was frequently bed-ridden with illness, and later suffered an early death from tuberculosis. She had limited contact with her father, mostly through letters.

First time Prime MinisterFollowing a poor showing in the 1967 general

election, Indira Gandhi started progressively moving to the left in the political spectrum. In 1969 to 1971, after falling out with senior party leaders on a number of issues, the party president S. Nijalingappa expelled her from the party.

State of Emergency (1975-77)Gandhi moved to restore order by ordering

the arrest of most of the opposition participating in the unrest. Her Cabinet and government then recommended that President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed declare a state of emergency because of the disorder and lawlessness following the Allahabad High Court decision. Accordingly, Ahmed declared a State of Emergency caused by internal disorder, based on the provisions of Article 352(1) of the Constitution, on 25 June 1975.

Operation Blue StarIn the 1977 elections, a coalition led by the Sikh-

majority Akali Dal came to power in the northern Indian state of Punjab. In an effort to split the Akali Dal and gain popular support among the Sikhs, Indira Gandhi's Congress helped bring the orthodox religious leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale to prominence in Punjab politics. Later, Bhindranwale's organisation Damdami Taksal became embroiled in violence with another religious sect called the Sant Nirankari Mission, and he was accused of instigating the murder of the Congress leader Jagat Narain. After being arrested in this matter,

SpeechAn ancient Sanskrit saying says, woman is the home and the

home is the basis of society. It is as we build our homes that we can build our country. If the home is inadequate -- either inadequate in material goods and necessities or inadequate in the sort of friendly, loving atmosphere that every child needs to grow and develop -- then that country cannot have harm ony and no country which does not have harmony can grow in any direction at all.That is why women's education is almost more important than the education of boys and men. We -- and by "we" I do not mean only we in India but all the world -- have neglected women education. It is fairly rece nt. Of course, not to you but when I was a child, the story of early days of women's education in England, for instance, was very current. Everybody remembered what had happened in the early days.

SpeechI remember what used to happen here. I still remember the

days when living in old Delhi even as a small child of seven or eight. I had to go ou t in a doli if I left the house. We just did not walk. Girls did not walk in the streets. First, you had your sari with which you covered your head, then you had another shawl or something with which you covered your hand and all the body, then you had a white shawl, with which every thing was covered again although your face was open fortunately. Then you were i n the doli, which again was covered by another cloth. And this was in a family or community which did not observe purdah of any kind at all. In fact, all our social functions always were mixed functions but this was the atmosphere of the city and of the country.

Indira Gandhi : Iron Lady of IndiaA new definition was bestowed upon the role

of South Asian women in the late 1960s, by the emergence of eminent female political figures from South Asia. These few remarkable ladies revolutionized the global political arena, pioneering the entry of women into world politics. The world's first woman Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike and the world's longest serving woman Prime Minister Indira Gandhi were such elite world leaders from South Asia.

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