1900 1950

2018

Courtesy: https://nas.er.usgs.gov

2

Courtesy: Bajer et al. 2018. Hydrobiologia 3

Northern Forests (NF)

Oligotrophic

Eastern Temperate Forests (ETF)

Mesotrophic

Great Plains (GP)

Eutrophic

4

• Ability to become superabundant in a habitation- lack of natural

predators and high reproduction

• Voracious feeders

• Uproot aquatic vegetation

• Increasing water turbidity

• Releasing large quantities of sediment-bound nutrients leads to

eutrophication

MAISRC MAISRC

Common Carp

RiponPress

PLA SE Pond Magt

Pop Mechanics

Finterest

New Scientist

Seining Biocontrol Electrofishing

Poison Deterrents Barriers

5

6

Ilouze et al. ER. 2011.

??

Chemical control? Selective removal?

Pathogen? Gene editing?

Whooshh Innovations

7

Solenopsis invicta virus (SIV)

Red ant (Solenopsis invicta)

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)

Cat (Felis catus) European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Myxoma virus &

Rabbit haemorrhagic virus

North America Marion Island Australia

Google image Google image Google image

Where do we begin??

• Candidate pathogens would be: – Species specific – Easily transmissible and highly virulent – Slow mutation rate

• Candidate carp populations would be: – Dense (at least seasonally) – Naïve – Susceptible

• VERY conservative approach to this project… – “Use something that is already here”

8

Sampling

• Healthy common carp

• Fish kill- native fish and common carp

Identification

• PCR • NGS • Cell culture

Trial

• High specificity for common carp

• Zero infectivity for native fish

9

10

Photo by Isaiah Tolo Photo by Isaiah Tolo

Year Number of healthy common

carp

Number of Fish kill common carp and native

fish

2017 300 (5 Lakes) 93 (14 Lakes)

2018- 31st August

120 (2 Lakes) 86 (16 Lakes)

Native fish

Black Crappie

Blue Gill

Bullhead

Large Mouth Bass

Pumpkinseed

Tiger Muskie

Yellow perch

White bass

Goldfish 11

12

Illumina HiSeq 2500- High throughput next generation sequencing

Quantstudio Real-Time PCR system

Lake KHV CEV SVCV Fish kill

(Common carp)

Lake Elysian P P N Totonka P N N

Pymatuning Reservoir PA P N N Lake Jonathan P P N

Washington P N N Kegonsa P P N Waubesa P N N Monona P N N

Dora P N N Sabre P N N

Gorman P N N Cottonwood P P N Long Lake P N N Clear Lake P N N

Currant Lake P N N Morehouse Park P N N

Byllesby P N N Freeborn P N N

Fish P N N

Survey lakes Lake KHV CEV SVCV Long Lake N N N

Gervais N N N Typo Lake N N N Albert Lea N N N

Benton Lake N N N

Fishkill (Native) Lake Nokomis N N N Forest Lake N N N

Clear N N N Schwanz N N N

Duck N N N Maple N N N

Independence N N N Cornelia N N N Sweeney N N N

Minnetonka N N N Goodners N N N Gervais N N N Traverse N N N Waconia N N N

13

P- Positive N- Negative

2017 Carp surveys = KHV Positive = Mortality event, not confirmed = KHV Negative

“We are excited about findings of KHV and CEV reports because both are major findings

and have implications for biocontrol."

16

Koi Herpes Virus Disease (KHVD) Cyprinid herpesvirus 3

Koi Sleepy Disease (KSD) Carp edema virus (CEV)

• 9-15 ⁰C

• Skin alterations often around the mouth and at the base of the fins

• Congested gills

• Enophthalmos

• Lethargic behavior

• 18-25 ⁰C

• Overproduction/underproduction of mucous • Gill and skin haemorrhages

• Enophthalmia (sunken eyes)

• Severe gill necrosis

• Latency

17 All pictures taken by Isaiah Tolo

18 Photo by Isaiah Tolo

19

20

European type

Asian type

21

KHV

KHV + CEV

CEV

22

Improve fish kill reporting: www.z.umn.edu/fishkill

• Virus isolation • Whole genome sequencing of KHV and CEV • Continued surveys

• Particular focus on region with KHV and CEV outbreak • Population impact estimates

• Infection trials with candidate pathogens

• MANY questions!

• Risk assessments • Release strategies • Regulatory and public consultation (ongoing)

23

Funding provided by:

24

Assistant Professor

Molecular development lab, College of Veterinary Medicine

kumars@umn.edu

Director, Minnesota Aquatic

Invasive Species Research Center

Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation

Biology phelp083@umn.edu

Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary

Population Medicine University of Minnesota

primu012@umn.edu