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June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 1

Performance Based Navigation: Performance Based Navigation: Developments and BenefitsDevelopments and Benefits


Eduardo JuranovicIATA

Assistant Director, Safety, Operations & Infrastructure

Latin America & Caribbean

[email protected]

(305) 779-9837

mailto:[email protected]


IATA todayIATA today230 Airline Members

from 143 countries94% of total international traffic

200 partners Representation in 90 countries1400 staffwww.iata.org


PBN Benefits for Airlines/OperatorsRNP uses the GPS navigational capabilities … to optimize flight approach and departure tracks and reduce fuel consumption and emissions while enhancing safety and providing access to airports in reduced weather conditions.

RNP offers more reliable and predictable flight paths, time and fuel savings, shorter route distances, reduced emissions and noise.

Capt. Chris Manning, Qantas Chief Pilot(Flight International, 27 May – 2 June 2008)


PBN Safety Benefits

CFIT reductionStabilized approachesSafer missed-approachesSafer non-normal proceduresLess stress on flight crewsLess ATC COMM congestionNo ILS, VOR signal distortion


Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

USA: GPS (+ WAAS, LAAS)Russia: GLONASSEU: GALILEO (+ EGNOS)Others: MSAS (Japan), GAGAN (India)


Modern aircraft contain advanced systems, RNAV, RNP, datalink and ADS features, and robust configurations e.g. dual FMC, dual GPS, dual DME/VOR, triple IRS, ADS, etc.

HFAntenna

High GainSatelliteAntenna

Low GainSatelliteAntenna

HFTransceiver

ACARSManagement

Unit

VHF Transceiver

Satellite Data Unit

Amplifier

AudioControlPanel

Radio TuningPanel

VHFAntenna

TCAS II Mode SDisplays

TCAS II Mode S

TCAS IIAntenna

Mode SAntenna

GPSAntennas

DMEAntennas

VORAntennas

FlightManagementSystem

MonitoringAlertingSystem

FlightManagementSystem

Autopilot/FlightDirectorSystems

MMRILSGPS

DME

VOR

DME

VOR

IRS

Flt DeckDisplays/Alerting

ILSAntennas

Aircraft Capability


Cessna 182Skylane

Environmental Objective Environmental Objective and Strategyand Strategy

Carbon-neutral in the medium-termZero-carbon emissions in long-termFour-pillar strategy:

1. Invest in new technology2. Build and use efficient infrastructure3. Operate planes effectively4. Economic measures/tax incentives


FactsFacts andand FiguresFiguresTransport in general accounts for 14% of global greenhouse gas emissions

behind the power and land use sectorsthe same as the agriculture sector

Aviation is responsible for 12% of CO2 emissions from all transport sources76% is from road transport

1% reduction in fuel burn (or 1 minute reduction in flight time)saves 7 million tons emissions per year

saving 1 kg on each flight could save roughly1,700 tons of fuel per year5,400 tons of CO2 per year

Aircraft and engine manufacturers devote up to 15% of turnover to research


FactsFacts andand FiguresFigures1 kg of fuel CO2 produces 3.19 kg (varies between 3.12 – 3.26 kg)New aircraft are 70% more fuel efficient than 40 years ago

20% better than 10 years ago Airlines are aiming for a further 25% fuel efficiency improvement by 2020 Modern aircraft achieve fuel efficiencies of 3.5 lt. per 100 passenger km.The A380 and B787 are aiming for 3 lt. per 100 passenger km

78 passenger MPGbetter than a compact car!


FactsFacts andand FiguresFiguresAir transport produces 2% of global CO2 emissions

could reach 3% by 2050700 million tons per yearthis is actually less than the CO2 produced worldwide by cattle


FactsFacts andand FiguresFiguresCrows are famous for their ability to fly between two points by the most direct route

But aircraft often have to zig-zagBy shortening routes, we can cut CO2 emissions by 6 million tones per year

Flying is a wonderful thing


AIRPORT A

AIRPORT B

VOR RNAV routes

NDB

RNAV ROUTE

ATS ROUTE


The use of satellite technology has allowed the aviation industry to move away from its dependence on ground based navigation systems

Increased AirspaceEfficiency

Highly OptimizedUse of AirspaceLimited Design

Flexibility

Current GroundNav aids

“curved”paths

SeamlessVertical

Path

Waypoints RNAV RNP


RNAV Route: Lima – Buenos Aires

RNAV Route UL 550

NAV Route UA 558 / UB 679

Buenos Aires

Lima

SavingsDist.: 36 NMTime: 5 min.Fuel: 2.0M lb./yr


RNAV Route: Santiago – BA/Montevideo

NEW RNAV ROUTE UM 424

OLD NAV ROUTE UW 68

SavingsDist.: 16 NMTime: 2 min.Fuel: 1.4M lb./yr


PBN ApplicationsDepartures

Normal (SID)Engine-out (MTOW)

RoutesArrivals (STAR)Instrument approaches

Non-precision (NPA)With vertical guidance (APV)RNPGLS


RNAV Approaches: Quito (Ecuador)Savings: 37 NM, 11 min.Fuel: 6.0M lb./yr.


RNAV/RNP Procedures


Atlanta RNAV Departure Procedures (April 2005)

After RNAVBefore RNAV


DFW before and after implementation of RNAV procedures


RNP SAAAR Approach ProcedureWashington National Airport (KDCA)

Safety enhancement, with guided, stabilized 3D path to runway Provides RNP corridor which avoids prohibited airspace

7 of 12


Augmentation SystemsAircraft based Augmentation System – ABAS

RAIM, FDEglobal coverage

Satellite Based Augmentation System – SBASWAAS, EGNOSregional coverage

Ground Based Augmentation System – GBASLAASlocal coverageFirst Boeing production airplane with LAAS: 12 May 2005 (737NG)


COMPONENTSDifferential ground stationVHF datalink receiver to aircraft (108 MHz – 117 MHz Band)GBAS can provide corrections for SBAS GEO ranging signals

GBAS GROUNDSTATION

DATALINK

GBAS


GBAS Installation at Sydney


GBAS Installation at Sydney

GLS Facility Shelter

VHF Data Link Antenna

GPS Reference Receiver Antennas


The Future GNSSThe joint use of GPS (modernized), GLONASSand GALILEO IS anticipated

Improved ABAS is anticipated (implementation of L5) Two augmentation systems are being implemented

SBASAlready providing high integrity en route through APV guidanceCat I in future over wide areas

GBASeventually will provide CAT I, II and III procedures


AW&STNov. 5, 2007


Thank youThank you

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