powerpoint presentation€¦ · though total road fatalities has reduced, percentage of cyclist...

Faculty : Vivian Loftness | Azizan Aziz | Erica Cochran Presented by: R Pushkala

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Presenter

Presentation Notes

Image source: America by Bicycle LOGO: http://www.merchantcircle.com/business/America.by.Bicycle.2.603-382-1662/picture/gallery

HYPOTHESIS

“ Developing a rich transportation portfolio with special emphasis on biking

improvements combined with public transit, while addressing the issues of

security and safety will increase the standard of living by lowering carbon

footprint of its population as well creating a more vibrant environment.”

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HYPOTHESIS | SUB HYPOTHESES

Sub hypotheses:

• Lowered fuel demands

• Lowered GHG emissions

• Reduction in accidents

• Health improvements :lowered obesity rates; increased physical activity

“ Developing a rich transportation portfolio with special emphasis on biking improvements combined with public transit, while addressing the issues of security and safety will increase the standard of living by lowering carbon

footprint of its population as well creating a more vibrant environment.”

3/36

WHY A CITY SHOULD INVEST IN CYCLING

Total trips made in a day nationally

Trips less than 3 miles in distance

Trips less than 1 mile in distance

39%

17% Trips that are completed by Driving

49%

Source: National Household Travel Survey (2009), Data obtained from Smart Growth America report – “Introduction to Complete Streets” 2013

This clearly highlights THE NEED FOR ALTERNATE MODES OF TRANSPORT. This

figure is taken for the entire country but is certainly APPLICABLE TO A MACRO-

LEVEL FOR PLANNING IN THE CITY OF PITTSBURGH

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Source: Data obtained from study by Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) 2012, and graphic inspired from infographic from newpublichealth.org For shorter trips, people are willing to walk or bike – according to a study carried out in Portland in 2010,

TRIPS UNDER 3MILES are generally the PREFERRED DISTANCE for a trip made comfortable by

cycle IN 20MINS.

Trip distance 3-4 miles Trip distance upto 1mile

46%

35%

ONLY 1% WILLING TO WALK

ONLY 1% WILLING TO WALK


Source: Study by Drew Meisel, Portland State University, School of Urban Studies and Planning, “Bike Corrals: Local Business Impacts, Benefits, and Attitudes”

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Though total road fatalities has reduced, Percentage

of Cyclist fatalities has remained constant – in fact

RISEN FROM 1.7% TO 1.9%


Source: Study by Drew Meisel, Portland State University, School of Urban Studies and Planning, “Bike Corrals: Local Business Impacts, Benefits, and Attitudes”

732

41464

Fatalities in 2001

PedalcyclistOther On road

618

32267

Fatalities in 2010

PedalcyclistOther On road

For t

he C

ount

ry -

NH

TSA

1324

21 Pennsylvania

Total traffic fatalities

Pedal cyclistfatalities

Pennsylvania alone recorded 21 fatalities in

2010 at 1.65 per million people population.

National Avg. : 2.0 per million population

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According to National Survey 2010 and

PennDOT, Cyclists were found at fault for

50% of the accidents.


Source: Data obtained from US Census 2010, Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute; Traffic Safety Facts: Bicyclists and Other Cyclists, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2009. PennDot. "In Pittsburgh Accidents, Bicyclists Not Always to Blame." Post-Gazette. August 16, 2012. Data retrieved from http://www.edgarsnyder.com/bicycle/bicycle-safety-resource-center/bicycle-statistics.html

180 181

Accidents Involving cyclists

Fault of Cyclists

Fault ofMotoristists

37

15

60

249

Causes for Accidents

Cyclists ran red light orstop sign

Cyclist on wrong sideof the road

Motorists careless turn

Other causes

Reason: Inadequate facilities for

cyclists and improper networks causing

confusion

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http://www.edgarsnyder.com/bicycle/bicycle-safety-resource-center/bicycle-statistics.html

• Across USA: • 30% of the population owns bikes – 45% owners ride at least occasionally

• 70% of Children (5-14yrs) • In Pennsylvania – children are most at risk of death or injury from a bike

accident • Head injuries – 70% cycling fatalities

• Across Pennsylvania • 2012: 16 deaths and 1,377 injured • Children (5-14yr) – 441 injuries • Max. injuries happened at intersections


Source: Data obtained from US Census 2010, Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute; Traffic Safety Facts: Bicyclists and Other Cyclists, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2009. PennDot. "In Pittsburgh Accidents, Bicyclists Not Always to Blame." Post-Gazette. August 16, 2012. Data retrieved from http://www.edgarsnyder.com/bicycle/bicycle-safety-resource-center/bicycle-statistics.html

441

936

Fraction of cycle Injuries in children (5-14 yrs) to the rest of the population

Children (5-14yrs)

Rest of thePopulation

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From the different cities studied, various modes of transportation are identified in which

cities & states invested to promote alternate or better modes of commutation form

one point to another

TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENT & IMPROVEMENTS GLOBALLY

Mode of transport

Num

ber o

f citi

es w

ith th

e m

ode

of tr

ansp

ort

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NOW THAT WE HAVE ESTABLISHED WHY…

…NEXT BIG QUESTION - WHAT

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Bicycle – Basic need

Bike share program

Bike rental scheme

On Road Infrastructure

Types of Bike lanes

Refuge areas/Resting areas

Street lighting

Signals

Safety guidelines & traffic regulations

End of Trip Facilities

Lockers/Storage racks

Changing rooms/Showers

CATEGORIZATION OF STRATEGIES SUPPORTING BICYCLING

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CATEGORIZATION OF STRATEGIES SUPPORTING BICYCLING

Community Connectivity

Open spaces

Proximity to CBD

Basic services

Cultural district

Places of worship

Public art

Schemes & Incentives

Workplace Incentives

Right of way

Economic benefits

Combining with Other modes

Multimodal transport

Bike racks on transit

Racks on cars/LMV

Resting locations

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STRATEGY| BIKE SHARE SYSTEMS

MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA

Reason for Rise in Number of trips:

- Established a NON-Profit Public-Private

partnership Initiative – NICE RIDE

- Installed bike stations in Low-income housing

neighborhoods

- Distributed 600 free annual subscriptions for bike-

share system

- Provided employees with incentives for adopting

biking

- 10,000 bikes distributed to kids, free of cost

Source: Minneapolis Bicyclist and Pedestrian Count report, 2012

The number of bike trips made per year in the past three years has just increased exponentially

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BENEFITS| BIKE SHARE

• Housing market – still stable with construction along a bike freeway as the major

transportation link

• 4.4% reduction in health-care costs – savings in Insurance

• Improved Gender Equity of ridership – Percentage of women subscribers has

gone up from 37% - 44% in 2011

MINNEAPOLIS. MINNESOTA

Source: Minneapolis Bicyclist and Pedestrian Count report, 2012

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STRATEGY| TRAFFIC CALMING MEASURES

FREIBURG, GERMANY

• Converting city center into pedestrian zone

• Cobbled streets to reduce speed, enforcing

30kmph speed limit

• Limiting Parking: Promoting park-and-ride

from the city outskirts, No free parking

• Rich Public transportation portfolio to support

non-vehicular areas

• Distance travelled by Car per capita – reduced by 7%

• CO2 emissions per capita - reduced by 13.4 % (29% of the US average)

• Safer Travel promoted: 3.7 fatalities compared to 6.5 in Germany and

14.7 in the USA

Traffic Calming signage Freiburg, Germany

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STRATEGY| BIKE LANES TYPICAL STREET SECTION:

• Curb on either side

• Parking lane – 2 on either side with parallel

parking facility

• Travel lanes – 3

• The central lane functions as the Left-turn

lane at the intersections

• Typical speeds on these roads -35-40 mph

TYPICAL ROAD SECTION

East Carson St., South side Pittsburgh http://quirkytravelguy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/carsonstreet.jpg

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TYPICAL ROAD SECTION WITH BIKE LANE

Simple Bike lane between parking lane and traffic lane in NYC

Painted bike lane in Washington DC

STRATEGY| BIKE LANES – DEMARCATED & PAINTED

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TYPICAL ROAD SECTION WITH BIKE LANE 18/36

76%

13%

1% 9%

Percentage of cyclists (n=216)

Safer

Not sure

Less safe

No change

49%

19%

12%

20%

Percentage of motorists (n=222)

Safer

Not sure

Less safe

No change

Dedicated bike lanes certainly IMPROVE THE SAFETY of the cyclist by creating a separate lane for the cyclist

Source: City of Portland:Office of Transportation, 1999


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STRATEGY| BIKE LANES – BUFFERED LANES

TYPICAL ROAD SECTION WITH BUFFERED BIKE LANE

Buffered lane in Manhattan between parking and traffic lane Painted buffered bike lane in Columbus Avenue, New York

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TYPICAL ROAD SECTION WITH BUFFERED BIKE LANE 21/36


Impact of Buffered bike lanes on cyclists in Portland, OR (n=125)

Source: Report Monsere & McNeil, 2011; Evaluation of Innovative Bicycle Facilities: SW Broadway Cycle track & SW Stark/Oak street buffered bike lanes

89% cyclists felt SAFER riding on buffered lanes

71% would BIKE AN EXTRA HALF MILE to use a buffered lane

35% cyclists actually CHANGED ROUTES to use buffered lane

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STRATEGY| BIKE LANES WITH PHYSICAL BARRIERS GREEN PAINTED BIKE LANE WITH SAFE-HIT

POSTS IN SAN FRANCISCO

TYPICAL ROAD SECTION WITH SAFE-HIT POST

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Comparison of separation methods based on No. of Crashes per million bike km

Source: Article Lusk et al, 2011; Risk of Injury for bicycling on cycle tracks versus in the street

STRATEGY| BIKE LANES WITH PHYSICAL BARRIERS

Providing Delineator posts/Safe-hit posts had 1/5TH THE NO. OF CRASHES compared to streets with raised median

This further reduced to 1.9 crashes/million bike-km when a parking lane was

added

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Comparison of Streets with no bike lanes and streets with bike lanes with physical barriers

Source: Article Lusk et al, 2011; Risk of Injury for bicycling on cycle tracks versus in the street

STRATEGY| BIKE LANES WITH PHYSICAL BARRIERS

Streets with bike lanes with physical barriers had LESSER INJURIES compared to standard street sections

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STRATEGY| BIKE BOXES GREEN BIKE BOX IN PORTLAND, OR

Safety improvements due to bike boxes in PORTLAND, OR

Source: Report ‘Get Behind It – THE BIKEBOX: Portland’s New Green Space’, 2012; City of Portland, Office of Transportation

Apart from Safety, the No. of bikes increased

More vehicles TURNED RIGHT

WITHOUT COLLIDING with cyclists

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Bike Rack - Open Wire rack Bike Rack - Inverted U-rack

STRATEGY| BIKE STORAGE & RACKS

DETAIL OF INVERTED U-RACK 27/36

Benefits the business owners agree to with installing Bike Corrals near their establishments

84% felt increased IDENTITY OF THE STREET & NEIGHBORHOOD

77% noticed INCREASE IN TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS for customers & employees

54% felt it increased VISIBILITY FROM THE STREET

STRATEGY| BIKE STORAGE & RACKS

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STRATEGY| COMPLETE STREETS

Complete street: Before and After changes to incorporate principles of Complete streets at an Intersection COMPARISON OF TYPICAL ROAD &

COMPLETE STREET 29/36

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Mixed Land Use Compact Building design Create a range of housing options Pedestrian friendly neighborhoods Attractive communities with a sense of place and belonging Preserve Open space, farmland, nature and critical environmental areas Strengthen and develop existing communities Multiple modes of transport Cost effective, fair and predictable development decisions Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration

Before and After Count of crashes and injuries on Columbus Avenue, New York


Changes made in the Columbus Avenue to accommodate protected bike lanes • Buffered bike path

• Pedestrian safety islands

• Reduced crossing

distances at intersections

• Zones for bike traffic to mix

with the regular traffic

without worry of accidents

• Dedicated left-turn lanes

• Demarcated Freight

loading-unloading zones

Source: Study retrieved from http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/2011_columbus_assessment.pdf Crash data obtained from NYPD Accident Database (TAMS data) 30/36

http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/2011_columbus_assessment.pdf


Speed of Vehicles on Complete streets compared to standard street sections


Major Benefits: • Lower Avg. Vehicle Speeds

• More Vehicles travelling within the speed

limit

• 34% reduction in number of crashes

• Total number of injuries to cyclists reduced by 27%

• 56% increase in ridership on Weekdays implying more people took to cycling to work and school

Percentage of Vehicles above speed limits on complete streets & standard street sections

Source: Study retrieved from http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/2011_columbus_assessment.pdf Speed data taken through Radar testing in May,2011 by NYCDOT 31/36


STRATEGY| RANKING

Based on Cost of Implementation Shared Roads / Sharrows

Dedicated bike Lane between curb & traffic lane

Buffered lanes : - 3ft buffer on traffic lane

side - 1-2ft buffer on either

side

Signage for motorists & cyclists

Painted Dedicated Bike lanes

Bike lanes with safe-hit posts

Bike boxes at Intersections

Bike lane separated from traffic lane by jersey barrier

Bike lane separated by traffic island at intersections

Refuge / resting areas at intersections

Floating parking lanes

Bike Racks

Corrals

Covered Parking

Bicycle Signals

Bike Lockers

Showers & Changing rooms

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STRATEGY| RANKING

Based on Space required Shared Roads / Sharrows Dedicated bike Lane

between curb & traffic lane Buffered lanes : • 3ft buffer on traffic lane

side • 1-2ft buffer on either

side

Signage for motorists & cyclists Painted Dedicated Bike

lanes







Bicycle Signals

Bike Racks Corrals

Covered Parking


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STRATEGY| RANKING

Based on Safety of Cyclist

Shared Roads / Sharrows


Buffered lanes : • 3ft buffer on traffic lane


side









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STRATEGY| RANKING

Based on Ease of Installment Shared Roads / Sharrows


Buffered lanes : • 3ft buffer on traffic lane


side









Bicycle Signals

Bike Racks

Corrals

Covered Parking


Lockers

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APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | NEIGHBORHOOD STUDY

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Reasons for Choice of Neighborhoods: - Densely Populated Locations

- Downtown: Business center

- East Liberty: Revitalized

neighborhood with recreational & commercial establishments

- Oakland: Educational institutions and medical facilities

APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | GIS ANALYSIS

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Age of Employed population - Downtown: Above 45yrs

- Oakland & East Liberty: Equally distributed between 21-45 yrs and above 45yrs


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Bike shed analysis - 0.75mi and 1.5mi distance from

various spots on the road

- 0.75mi corresponds to 10minute ridership


- These are trip timings that people are willing to take up


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Bike shed analysis - 0.75mi and 1.5mi distance from

various spots on the road



- These are trip timings that people are willing to take up

APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE

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Major routes exist inside the neighborhood Major gaps in the network Need to create a complete network

APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE

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Routes selected along the 3 major roads connecting the 3 neighborhoods Fifth & Forbes avenue Center avenue Liberty avenue

APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | 500FT BUFFER FROM ALL PAT STOPS

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500ft Buffer highlights distance people can walk to in 2minutes Considering people are willing to bike for atleast 10mins Map showing 0.5mi buffer is created using these same bus stops.


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500ft Buffer highlights distance people can walk to in 2minutes Considering people are willing to bike for atleast 10mins Map showing 0.5mi buffer is created using these same bus stops. These locations are the best spots for installing bike racks

Similar study done for Forbes & Liberty avenue


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500ft Buffer highlights distance people can walk to in 2minutes Considering people are willing to bike for atleast 10mins Map showing 0.5mi buffer is created using these same bus stops. These locations are the best spots for installing bike racks

Similar study done for Forbes & Liberty avenue

APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | BIKE RACK

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Existing road section

APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | BIKE RACK

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Proposed road section

APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | LOCATION OF TRAFFIC LIGHTS

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These are the ideal locations for bike boxes

APPLICATION TO PITTSBURGH | BIKE BOX

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Proposed road section with Bike boxes and two-bike lanes

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