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TRANSCRIPT
Nat
iona
l A
eron
autic
s an
d S
pace
Adm
inis
trat
ion
Ent
ry S
yste
ms
and
Tec
hnol
ogy
Div
isio
nA
mes
Res
earc
h C
ente
r
A S
ho
rt C
ou
rse
Pre
sent
ed
by
Rob
in A
. S. B
eck
At
TF
AW
S-2
01
9
Ne
wpo
rt N
ew
s, V
A
Aug
26,
201
9
Ou
tlin
e
Ove
rvie
w o
f th
e E
ntry
Sys
tem
s an
d Te
chno
logy
Div
isio
n (
TS
) at
N
AS
A A
mes
Res
earc
h C
ente
r (A
RC
)
Qui
ck lo
ok a
t th
e E
arth
and
Pla
neta
ry E
ntry
pro
ject
s su
ppor
ted
by T
S a
nd t
he in
vent
ions
and
sof
twar
e de
velo
ped
with
in th
e di
visi
on
A d
escr
iptio
n of
the
ent
ry e
nviro
nmen
ts t
o w
hich
ther
mal
pr
otec
tion
syst
ems
(TP
S) a
re e
xpos
ed
How
we
insu
re T
PS
sur
viva
l w
ill b
e ad
dres
sed
with
des
crip
tions
of
the
var
ious
tes
t fa
cilit
ies
acro
ss t
he a
genc
y an
d b
eyon
d an
d th
eir
app
licab
ility
The
Am
es A
rc J
et C
ompl
ex w
ill th
en b
e de
scrib
ed-
how
an
arc
heat
er w
orks
-th
e as
soci
ated
inf
rast
ruct
ure
req
uire
d-
cap
abili
ties
of e
ach
of t
he t
est
tunn
els
Exa
mpl
es o
f TP
S a
rc je
t te
st a
rtic
les
2
Mis
sio
n
3
En
try
Sys
tem
s &
Te
ch
no
log
y D
ivis
ion
Fo
ur
bra
nch
es
un
de
r E
ntr
y S
yste
ms
& T
ech
no
log
y D
ivis
ion
(C
od
e T
S)
D.
Ha
shht
tps:
//ww
w.n
asa.
go
v/am
es/e
xplo
ratio
n-te
ch/e
ntry
-sys
tem
s
-A
erot
her
mod
ynam
ics
(TS
A)
J. H
illht
tps:
//ww
w.n
asa.
gov/
arch
ive
2/co
nte
nt/a
ero
ther
mo
dyna
mic
s-br
anc
h
-T
herm
oph
ysic
s F
acili
ties
(TS
F)
S. E
ddle
mon
http
s://w
ww
.nas
a.go
v/ce
nter
s/am
es/t
herm
op
hysi
cs-f
acili
ties-
hom
e
-T
herm
al P
rote
ctio
n M
ater
ials
and
Sys
tem
s (T
SM
) M
. S
tack
pool
eht
tps:
//ww
w.n
asa.
gov/
cont
ent
/the
rma
l-pro
tect
ion-
mat
eria
ls-b
ranc
h
-E
ntry
Sys
tem
s &
Veh
icle
Dev
elo
pm
ent
(TS
S)
K.
Zar
chi
htt
ps:
//ww
w.n
asa.
gov/
cent
ers/
ames
/ent
ry-s
yste
ms-
veh
icle
-dev
elop
men
t/in
dex.
htm
l
4
TS
Div
isio
n O
verv
iew
The
TS
div
isio
n (E
ntry
Sys
tem
s an
d Te
chno
log
y D
ivis
ion)
in
clud
es p
eopl
e w
ho:
-H
elp
des
ign
sp
acec
raft
for
diff
eren
t ex
plo
ratio
n m
issi
ons
-A
nal
yze
the
envi
ron
men
ts a
rou
nd
a s
pac
ecra
ft
-In
ven
t new
mat
eria
ls t
hat
can
pro
tect
asp
acec
raft
-F
igu
re o
ut
how
th
ose
mat
eria
ls w
ill b
ehav
e on
a s
pac
ecra
ft an
d
how
th
ick
they
nee
d to
be
-P
lan
an
d p
erfo
rm t
ests
on
thos
e m
ater
ials
an
d s
pac
ecra
ft d
esig
ns
to p
rove
th
ey w
ill f
ly s
ucc
essf
ully
-In
stru
men
t veh
icle
s in
ord
er t
o g
et fl
igh
t d
ata
on t
he
mat
eria
ls
-B
uild
an
d la
un
ch d
emon
stra
tion
veh
icle
s
5
PH
OE
NIX
NA
SP
X-3
3
X-3
4
X-3
7
SH
AR
P
B1
& B
2
ME
RC
UR
YG
EM
INI
AP
OL
LO
SP
AC
E S
HU
TT
LE
PIO
NE
ER
-VE
NU
S
ST
AR
DU
ST
& G
EN
ES
IS
MA
RS
P
AT
HF
IND
ER
19
60
19
70
19
80
19
90
20
00
20
10
20
20
BL
UN
T
BO
DY
C
ON
CE
PT
* (1
95
1)
OR
ION
EF
T-1
/ E
M-1
/ D
FI
LO
FT
ID
AD
EP
T S
R-1
VIK
ING
GA
LIL
EO
MS
L /
ME
DL
I
PA
ET
CO
MM
ER
CIA
L C
RE
WM
ER
OS
IRIS
-RE
x
INS
IGH
T
M2
02
0 /
ME
DL
I2
NA
SA
En
try
Pro
ject
s S
up
po
rted
by
Am
es
MA
RS
D
S-2
MS
R
an
d A
ero
dyn
am
ic H
ea
ting
of B
alli
stic
Mis
sile
s E
nte
rin
g
NA
CA
-RM
-A5
3D
28
, 1
95
3 /
NA
CA
-TR
-13
81
, 19
58
.
OR
ION
TP
S A
DP
AF
E
MA
RS
S
UR
VE
YO
R
SH
UT
TL
E R
TF
HE
EE
T
6IN
SIG
HT
19
60
19
70
19
80
19
90
20
00
20
10
20
20
Blu
nt B
od
y C
on
cep
t*
(19
51)
NA
SA
Am
es E
ntr
y S
yst
ems
Inn
ov
atio
ns
TU
FR
OC
PIC
A
SIR
CA
Co
nst
rict
ed
Arc
Hea
ter
3D
MA
TR
CG
LI-2
200
FR
CI
AF
RS
IA
ET
BT
UF
I
HE
EE
T
AD
EP
T
FIA
T
Adv
ance
d E
ntry
H
eatin
g S
imul
ato
r
La
ser-
En
ha
nce
d IH
F
7
Hig
h E
ne
rgy
Hea
tsh
ield
En
vir
on
men
ts
Co
urte
sy M
. J.
Wrig
ht8
Rad
ian
t h
eati
ng
fr
om
wak
e
(200
0-60
00 K
)
(100
0-30
00 K
)
Ho
w D
o W
e I
ns
ure
TP
S S
urv
iva
l?
We
test
!W
e ge
t as
man
y pr
oper
ty m
easu
rem
ents
as
poss
ible
-M
ater
ial c
omp
ositi
ons
virg
in,
char
, p
yrol
ysis
gas
-D
ensi
ty,
den
sity
deg
rad
atio
n w
ith t
emp
erat
ure
-
Hea
ts o
f co
mb
ust
ion
h
elp
s to
der
ive
the
hea
ts o
f for
mat
ion
-S
pec
ific
hea
t vs
tem
per
atu
re fo
r vi
rgin
an
d c
har
red
mat
eria
l-
Th
erm
al c
ond
uct
ivity
vs
tem
per
atu
re fo
r vi
rgin
an
d c
har
red
mat
eria
l
Eva
luat
e en
try
envi
ron
men
ts a
nd t
est
faci
lity
envi
ronm
ents
Try
to
mat
ch r
elev
ant
env
iron
men
t pa
ram
eter
s (
) in
tes
t fa
cilit
ies
-U
sual
ly t
his
mu
st b
e d
one
pie
ce-w
ise
Com
bin
e m
easu
red
prop
ertie
s an
d th
erm
al r
espo
nse
durin
g te
sts
to d
evel
op
mat
eria
l re
spon
se m
odel
Pre
dict
res
pons
e du
ring
en
try
9
Ph
ilo
so
ph
y
Wha
t is
the
test
obj
ectiv
e?-
Scr
een
ing
sev
eral
can
did
ate
abla
tive
mat
eria
ls fo
r co
mp
arat
ive
per
form
ance
-E
valu
atin
g a
bla
tion
per
form
ance
ove
r b
road
ran
ge
of c
ond
ition
s-
Eva
luat
ing
per
form
ance
lim
its o
f a
mat
eria
l (fa
ilure
th
resh
old
)-
Dev
elop
ing
dat
a b
ase
for
ther
mal
mod
elin
g-
Dev
elop
ing
dat
a b
ase
for
relia
bili
ty a
sses
smen
t (d
esig
n m
arg
in)
-V
alid
atin
g p
erfo
rman
ce o
f m
ater
ial i
nte
rfac
es (
gap
s, s
eals
, p
enet
ratio
ns,
etc
.)
The
tes
t ob
ject
ive
dict
ates
the
tes
t ap
proa
ch,
and
driv
es
the
sele
ctio
n of
:-
Test
fac
ility
-Te
st a
rtic
le d
esig
n-
Test
con
diti
ons
-In
stru
men
tatio
n-
Pos
t-te
st e
valu
atio
n
10
Tes
t F
ac
ilit
ies
-1
Rad
ian
t H
eati
ng
Fac
ilit
ies
(JS
C)
Use
ful
for
eval
uatin
g i
nsul
atio
n p
erfo
rman
ce o
f co
mp
lex
TP
S c
onfig
urat
ions
-R
elat
ivel
y lo
w h
eat
fluxe
s (<
100
W/c
m2 )
-La
rge
test
art
icle
s
Onl
y m
eani
ngfu
l if
surf
ace
-bou
ndar
y la
yer
inte
ract
ion
effe
cts
are
negl
igib
le,
i.e.,
effe
cts
of s
urfa
ce c
atal
ycity
, su
rfac
e ox
idat
ion,
tra
nsp
irat
ion,
atm
osp
heri
c co
mp
ositi
on,
etc.
are
wel
l-un
der
stoo
d-
Prim
ary
obje
ctiv
e is
to e
valu
ate
hea
t con
du
ctio
n (2
-D, 3
-D)
-M
ust
be
cog
niz
ant o
f pot
entia
l pre
ssu
re e
ffec
ts o
n
con
du
ctio
n
Req
uire
s ve
ry a
ccur
ate
know
led
ge
of:
-H
eat
flux
dis
trib
utio
n ac
ross
test
art
icle
(d
iag
nos
tics)
-S
pec
tral
dis
trib
utio
n o
f rad
ian
t en
erg
y (d
iag
nos
tics)
-S
pec
tral
(an
d d
irect
ion
al) o
ptic
al p
rop
ertie
s of
tes
t mat
eria
lC
an
use
sur
face
co
atin
gs w
ith k
now
n o
ptic
al p
rope
rtie
s (i
f the
y
For
com
ple
x te
st a
rtic
le g
eom
etry
, m
ust
be
awar
e of
p
oten
tial
for
shad
owin
g
11
Tes
t F
ac
ilit
ies
-2
Ra
dia
nt
He
ati
ng
Fac
ilit
ies
--
CW
an
d F
ibe
r la
se
rs
(LH
ME
L)
Prim
ary
app
licat
ion
is to
ob
tain
ver
y h
igh
hea
t flu
xes
not
at
tain
able
in o
ther
gro
un
d te
st fa
cilit
ies
Req
uire
s ve
ry a
ccu
rate
kn
owle
dg
e of
:-
He
at
flux
dist
ribu
tion
acr
oss
test
art
icle
(dia
gno
stic
s)-
Spe
ctra
l opt
ica
l pro
pert
ies
of t
est
ma
teri
al a
t th
e la
ser
wa
vele
ngth
Mo
st m
ate
rials
are
op
aque
at
10
.6m
(C
O2
lase
rs)
Man
y m
ate
rials
are
NO
T o
paq
ue a
t 1
.7m
(F
ibe
r la
sers
)
Test
s w
ith s
mal
l sp
ots
are
mis
lead
ing
(cav
ity e
ffec
ts)
- Can
not
sim
ula
te s
urf
ace
-bou
ndar
y la
yer i
nte
ract
ion
eff
ects
-M
any
fa
cilit
ies
em
plo
y a
(co
ld)
cro
ss-f
low
acr
oss
the
targ
et a
rea
Prim
ary
pur
po
se is
to s
we
ep
ab
latio
n p
rod
ucts
out
of
the
be
am
pat
h, w
hich
is
imp
ort
ant
to a
void
co
mp
licat
ions
of
be
am a
ttenu
atio
n d
ue t
o g
as p
hase
ab
sorp
tion
Use
ful f
or s
tud
yin
g p
oten
tial s
pal
latio
n p
hen
omen
a at
ver
y h
igh
hea
t flu
xes
NA
SA
has
dev
elop
ed m
ech
anis
ms
for
ther
mos
tru
ctu
ral
test
ing
(las
er e
nvi
ron
men
ts w
ith s
pec
imen
s u
nd
er lo
ad) a
t LH
ME
L
12
Tes
t F
ac
ilit
ies
-3
Rad
ian
t H
eati
ng
Fac
ilit
ies
Nat
ion
al S
ola
r T
her
mal
Te
st F
acil
ity
Pri
mar
y ap
plic
atio
n is
to
obta
in m
oder
atel
y hi
gh
heat
flu
xes
on v
ery
larg
e sp
ecim
ens
-1
00
-to
n ca
paci
ty e
leva
ting
mo
dule
fo
r lif
ting
exp
eri
me
nts
to th
e
top
of t
he t
ow
er
-W
ate
r gly
col c
oo
ling
syst
em
s a
nd a
ir c
oo
lers
to p
rovi
de h
ea
t re
mo
val f
rom
exp
eri
me
nts
-R
ota
ting
pla
tfo
rm a
nd s
hutt
er
syst
em
to p
rote
ct e
xpe
rim
ent
s w
hile
sys
tem
se
ts u
p
Req
uire
s ve
ry a
ccur
ate
know
led
ge
of:
-H
eat
flux
dis
trib
utio
n ac
ross
test
art
icle
(d
iag
nos
tics)
-O
ptic
al p
rop
ertie
s of
test
mat
eria
l at t
he
sola
r w
avel
eng
ths
Can
not
sim
ulat
e su
rfac
e-b
ound
ary
laye
r in
tera
ctio
n ef
fect
s-
Can
em
plo
y (c
old
) cro
ss-f
low
acr
oss
the
targ
et a
rea
Pri
ma
ry p
urpo
se is
to s
we
ep
abl
atio
n pr
odu
cts
out
of
the
be
am
pa
th,
whi
ch is
impo
rta
nt t
o a
void
co
mpl
ica
tions
of b
ea
m
att
enu
atio
n du
e t
o g
as
pha
se a
bso
rptio
n-
All
test
s at
1-a
tm, i
n a
ir
13
1.0
-m d
iam
ete
r he
atsh
ield
te
ste
d
by
AR
A a
t 1
50
W/c
m2
fo
r 2
00
s
Tes
t F
ac
ilit
ies
-4
Co
mb
ust
ion
Fa
cil
itie
s (L
aR
C)
Use
ful f
or t
estin
g T
PS
mat
eria
ls in
mot
or
app
licat
ion
s-
Ro
cke
t no
zzle
s, c
om
bu
sto
r lin
ers
-W
ell-
suite
d fo
r fu
ll sc
ale
sys
tem
s-le
vel t
est
s
Ver
y lim
ited
util
ity fo
r st
ud
yin
g T
PS
per
form
ance
in
7-
Ca
nn
ot
sim
ula
te m
an
y im
po
rta
nt e
nvi
ron
me
nta
l p
ara
me
ters
-L
imita
tion
s in
to
tal t
em
pe
ratu
re o
f co
mb
ust
ion
p
rod
uct
s (l
ittle
fle
xib
ility
)M
axim
um g
as t
empe
ratu
re s
et b
y th
eore
tical
-C
he
mic
al c
om
posi
tion
of
test
ga
ses
(ga
s-su
rfa
ce
che
mic
al r
ea
ctio
ns
are
no
t re
pre
sen
tativ
e)
-A
bse
nce
of
dis
soci
ate
d s
pe
cie
s (d
ue
to
ga
s te
mp
era
ture
lim
its) p
recl
ud
es
use
of
such
faci
litie
s fo
r st
ud
ies
of
surf
ace
ca
taly
city
of o
xid
atio
n
14
Tes
t F
ac
ilit
ies
-5
Arc
Pla
sma
Fac
ilit
ies
(AR
C, L
aRC
, A
ED
C,
LC
AT
)H
ave
bee
n us
ed f
or o
ver
50 y
ears
to
stud
y T
PS
m
ater
ial
per
form
ance
-Tw
o cl
asse
s:L
ow
er
ent
halp
y, h
igh
pre
ssur
e, h
igh
hea
t flu
x (h
igh
vehi
cle
s)H
ighe
r e
ntha
lpy,
low
pre
ssur
e, l
ow
-mo
dera
te h
ea
t flu
x (li
ftin
g e
ntry
, ae
roa
ssis
t, a
ero
capt
ure
, pla
neta
ry e
ntry
, e
tc.
low
ve
hicl
es)
Sig
nific
ant
flexi
bili
ty-
Pre
ssu
re: n
ozzl
e g
eom
etry
, tes
t art
icle
des
ign
, gas
mas
s flo
w r
ate
-E
nth
alpy
: gas
mas
s flo
w r
ate,
ele
ctric
al p
ower
-G
as c
omp
ositi
on: m
ost f
acili
ties
oper
ate
with
air,
bu
t tes
ts
hav
e b
een
con
du
cted
with
N2, C
O2, H
2/H
e, e
tc. g
as
stre
ams
Am
enab
le t
o so
phi
stic
ated
dia
gno
stic
s-
Su
rfac
e vi
sib
ility
(fil
m o
r vi
deo
), s
urf
ace
pyr
omet
ry, P
LIF,
et
c.
Cap
abili
ty t
o si
mul
tane
ousl
y si
mul
ate
cond
ition
s re
pre
sent
ativ
e of
flig
ht (
e.g
.,
)
is r
are.
Req
uire
s st
rate
gic
tes
t p
lann
ing
.
Few
can
sim
ulat
e tim
e-va
ryin
g c
ond
ition
s (t
raje
ctor
ies)
15
AE
DC
H2
Test
Cha
mbe
r
Boe
ing
LCA
T F
acili
ty
Tes
tin
g T
PS
fo
r E
xtr
em
e E
nvi
ron
me
nts
Req
uire
s pi
ecem
eal
test
ing
at v
ario
us f
acili
ties
to c
over
th
e en
viro
nm
ents
16
NA
SA
Am
es
Arc
Je
tC
om
ple
xN
AS
A A
me
s R
ese
arc
h C
en
ter
17
Ma
y, 2
01
6
The
rmop
hysi
cs F
acili
ties
Bra
nch
Ent
ry S
yste
ms
and
Tech
nolo
gy D
ivis
ion
17
TS
Te
sti
ng
Th
e A
mes
Arc
Jet
Com
ple
x h
as a
ric
h h
erita
ge
of o
ver
55
yea
rs i
n
Th
erm
al P
rote
ctio
n S
yste
m (
TP
S)
dev
elop
men
t for
eve
ry N
AS
A
Sp
ace
Tran
spor
tatio
n a
nd
Pla
net
ary
pro
gra
m-
Ap
ollo
, Sp
ace
Sh
utt
le, V
ikin
g, P
ion
ee
r-V
en
us,
Ga
lile
o, M
ars
Pa
thfin
de
r,
ME
R h
ea
tsh
ield
, Sta
rdu
st, N
AS
P, X
-33
, X
-34
, SH
AR
P-B
1 a
nd B
2, X
-37
W
LE
TP
S, O
rio
n h
eat
shie
ld d
eve
lop
me
nt a
nd
MS
L T
PS
Th
e ar
c je
ts a
re u
sed
for
the
thre
e m
ajor
are
as o
f T
PS
dev
elop
men
t:
sele
ctio
n,
valid
atio
n a
nd
qu
alifi
catio
n
18
Pro
vin
g t
he
Sys
tem
A
rc J
et
Tes
tin
g
An
arc
jet
prod
uces
an
elec
tric
ally
hea
ted,
hig
h sp
eed
gas
flow
ont
o a
test
art
icle
m
atch
ing
key
para
met
ers
of h
igh
spee
d en
try
from
spa
ce i
nto
an a
tmos
pher
e
19
Ho
w it
wo
rks
Un
der
vac
uu
m, a
dd
arg
on g
as;
con
nec
t a h
igh
-vol
tag
e (1
0 M
W-
75
M
W)
elec
trod
es t
o b
reak
dow
n a
rgon
; an
d w
e h
ave
a flo
w o
f el
ectr
ons
insi
de
the
arcj
ettu
be.
dis
soci
ated
ai
r at
hig
h te
mp
erat
ure
s (>
90
00
º F)
Exp
and
dis
soci
ated
air
out a
noz
zle
to h
yper
son
ic c
ond
ition
s an
d
into
a c
ham
ber
at
altit
ud
e co
nd
ition
s m
atch
ing
pea
k h
eatin
g
Wh
en c
ond
ition
s ar
e co
rrec
t, in
sert
test
sam
ple
an
d s
ee w
hat
h
app
ens!
20
Oh
Yes,
And
All
Tha
t O
ther
Stu
ffE
JEC
TO
R/
CO
ND
EN
SE
R
DC
PO
WE
R S
UP
PLY
AR
C J
ET
H
EA
TE
R C
OR
E
CO
OL
ING
WA
TE
R
PU
MP
S &
CO
OL
ING
TO
WE
RS
CO
MP
RE
SS
ED
AIR
/Arg
on
SU
PP
LY
CO
NT
RO
LS
, E
NG
INE
ER
ING
, D
ATA
A
CQ
UIS
ITIO
N
TE
ST
SA
MP
LE
AN
D
INS
TR
UM
EN
TAT
ION
ST
EA
M
PL
AN
T
CO
MM
ON
FA
CIL
ITY
IN
FR
AS
TR
UC
TU
RE
21
TF
D/2
0
AH
F/2
0
IHF
/60
PT
F/2
0
NA
SA
Am
es A
rcJe
tC
om
ple
x O
ver
vie
w
Fo
ur
Act
ive
Te
st L
eg
s, O
ne s
et o
f sh
are
d U
tiliti
es
22
Pa
ne
l Te
st F
ac
ility
Ae
rod
yn
am
ic
He
ati
ng
Fa
cili
ty
Inte
rac
tio
n H
ea
tin
gF
ac
ility
La
se
r E
nh
an
ce
d
Arc
jet
Fa
cili
ty
Du
ct
23
IHF
60-M
W A
mes
-des
igne
d co
nstr
icto
r ar
c he
ater
Noz
zle
exit
size
s fr
om 7
6.2
mm
1
3-ar
m fu
lly p
rogr
amm
able
mod
el in
sert
ion
syst
em, f
ully
wat
er-
cool
ed
Sta
gna
tion
, fr
ee j
et w
edge
, sm
all s
pher
e co
nes
or f
lat
pane
l te
st c
onfig
urat
ions
Sta
gna
tion
pre
ssur
e fr
om 1
to
600
kPa
(0.0
1 to
6 a
tm)
Hea
t flu
xes
from
0.5
to >
600
0 W
/cm
2 (0
.4 to
>52
00 B
tu/ft
2 -s)
-A
s no
zzle
siz
e an
d/o
r m
odel
siz
e in
crea
ses,
hea
t flu
xes
dec
reas
e-
As
mod
el s
ize
dec
reas
es,
2-an
d 3
-D e
ffect
s m
ake
eval
uatio
n d
iffic
ult
Ent
halp
ies
7 to
47
MJ/
kg (
300
0 20
,000
Btu
/lb)
Pow
er s
uppl
y ca
pabl
e of
del
iver
ing
75
MW
con
tinuo
usly
and
up
to
150
MW
for
a 15
sec
ond
dura
tion
Test
tim
es u
p t
o on
e ho
ur d
emon
stra
ted
at lo
wer
con
ditio
ns
24
LE
AF
Rad
iativ
e la
ser
heat
ing
faci
lity
adde
d to
the
IH
F
1 to
4 5
0-kW
CW
IR la
sers
can
be
used
-P
rovi
des
up
to 3
90
W/c
m2(~
35
0 B
tu/ft
2-s
) rad
iativ
e h
eatin
g o
n
2(8
8 B
tu/ft
2-
Nea
rly
unifo
rm a
cros
s ill
umin
ated
sur
face
(va
riat
ion
<
6%)
Wav
elen
gth
1.07
m
25
AH
F
Air,
Nitr
ogen
an
d O
xyg
en g
ases
3 h
eate
rs a
vaila
ble
-
20
-MW
Am
es-
de
sig
ne
d c
ons
tric
tor a
rc h
ea
ter
-2
0 M
W H
ue
lsa
rc h
eat
er
-1
0 M
W c
on
stri
cto
r arc
he
ate
r (r
elo
cate
d fr
om
JS
C)
Sam
ple
s
Su
rfac
e or
sta
gn
atio
n p
ress
ure
s fr
om 0
.5 to
30
kP
a(0
.00
5 to
0.3
atm
) d
epen
den
t on
the
arc
hea
ter
and
noz
zle
Hea
t flu
xes
from
less
th
an 0
.1 W
/cm
2(0
.08
Btu
/ft2-s
) on
a fl
at p
late
, to
ov
er 3
00
W/c
m2
(28
8 B
tu/ft
2-s
) on
a
hem
isp
her
e
5-a
rm fu
lly p
rog
ram
mab
le m
odel
inse
rtio
n s
yste
m (
limite
d b
y te
st
mod
el d
esig
n)
26
PT
F/T
PT
F
PT
F-
20-M
W A
mes
-des
igne
d c
onst
rict
or a
rc h
eate
r-
Sem
i-el
liptic
Mac
h 3.
5 no
zzle
-Te
st s
amp
les
up to
355
mm
by
355
mm
(14
-in
by
14-i
n)-
-4 t
o +
8 d
egre
e in
clin
atio
ns o
f th
e su
rfac
e of
tes
t sa
mp
le t
o th
e flo
w-
Run
dur
atio
ns u
p t
o 30
min
utes
pos
sib
le-
Col
d w
all,
full
cata
lytic
hea
t flu
x fr
om 0
.6 t
o 40
W/c
m2
(0.5
to
30 B
tu/ft
2 -s)
-S
urfa
ce p
ress
ures
fro
m 6
6 to
470
0 P
a (0
.000
6 to
~0.
05 a
tm)
Tru
ncat
ed P
TF
(T
PT
F)
-S
hort
ens
the
PT
F n
ozzl
e fo
r hi
ghe
r su
rfac
e co
nditi
ons
on s
mal
ler
test
ar
ticle
s-
20-M
W A
mes
-des
igne
d c
onst
rict
or a
rc h
eate
r-
Sem
i-el
liptic
noz
zle
-Te
st s
amp
les
up to
100
mm
by
100
mm
(4-
in b
y 4-
in)
--5
to
+4
deg
ree
incl
inat
ions
of
the
surf
ace
of t
est
sam
ple
to
the
flow
-C
old
wal
l, fu
lly c
atal
ytic
hea
t flu
x fr
om 2
0 to
200
W/c
m2
(18
to 1
80 B
tu/ft
2-s
)-
Sur
face
pre
ssur
es t
o ~
28 k
Pa
(0.2
8 at
m)
27
TF
D
Air
or n
itrog
en g
ases
Lind
e (H
uels
) fr
ee-le
ngt
h ar
c he
ater
(12
-MW
)
Test
sam
ples
of
203
mm
wid
e by
508
mm
Sur
face
pre
ssur
e fr
om 2
to
15 k
Pa
(0.0
2 to
0.1
5 at
m)
Col
d w
all
heat
flu
xes
from
2 t
o 70
W/c
m2
(1.8
to
63
Btu
/ft2 -
s)
Sur
face
pre
ssur
es t
o 28
kP
a(0
.28
atm
)
28
Ex
am
ple
s o
f G
rou
nd
Te
st
Art
icle
s
Sta
gn
atio
n
(AH
F o
r IH
F)
Arc
jet
test
mod
el s
ampl
es
29
Pa
nel
(P
TF
)
We
dg
e(A
HF
or
IHF
)
Sm
all
pro
be
w/
mu
ltip
le h
ea
ting
re
gim
es
(IH
F o
r A
HF
)
The
re a
re m
any
test
fac
ilitie
s th
at a
re n
eces
sary
for
ev
alu
atin
g th
e di
ffer
ent
aspe
cts
of t
he b
ehav
ior
of a
th
erm
al p
rote
ctio
n sy
stem
dur
ing
a m
issi
on
But
, to
bes
t un
ders
tan
d m
ater
ials
in
hype
rson
ic f
low
field
s,
the
arc
jet
test
fac
ilitie
s pr
ovid
e th
e cl
oses
t m
atch
to
the
envi
ronm
enta
l co
nditi
ons
(che
mis
try
and
phys
ics)
tha
t T
PS
mat
eria
ls w
ill f
ace
The
cap
abili
ties
vary
fro
m t
unne
l to
tun
nel,
how
ever
, by
co
mbi
ning
the
ir us
e, w
e ca
n un
ders
tan
d th
e m
ater
ial
resp
onse
ove
r th
e ex
tent
of
the
mis
sion
par
amet
ers.
30
Su
mm
ary
WIT
HO
UT
US
, YO
UR
HE
AT
SH
IEL
D I
S T
OA
ST
31
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Sp
ace
Adm
inis
trat
ion
Am
es
Re
sea
rch
Ce
nte
r S
ilico
n V
alle
yE
ntr
y S
yste
ms
an
d T
ech
no
log
y D
ivis
ion