powerpoint™ presentations prepared by: naomi young university of california, san diego human...
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PowerPoint™ PowerPoint™ Presentations Presentations prepared by: prepared by: Naomi YoungNaomi Young
University of California, University of California, San Diego San Diego
Human Communication: Human Communication: The Basic CourseThe Basic Course
Twelfth EditionTwelfth Edition
Joseph A. DeVitoJoseph A. DeVitoHunter College of the City University of New York Hunter College of the City University of New York
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Chapter Sixteen:Chapter Sixteen:Style And DeliveryStyle And Delivery
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Chapter GoalsChapter GoalsLearn About: Language and how it influences us Ways that speakers use to rehearse and deliver
their speeches The various methods of presentation and how to
use your voice and bodily action to greatest advantage
The role of criticism in public speakingLearn To: Use language to best achieve purposes Rehearse your speech efficiently Deliver your speech with maximum impact Criticize speeches constructively
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Step 8: Word Your Step 8: Word Your SpeechSpeech
Oral Style is…Oral Style is… Different from written styleDifferent from written style Listeners hear a speech only onceListeners hear a speech only once Speech must be instantly intelligibleSpeech must be instantly intelligible Shorter, simpler, more familiar wordsShorter, simpler, more familiar words
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Choosing WordsChoosing Words ClarityClarity
– Be economicalBe economical– Use specific terms and numbersUse specific terms and numbers– Use signpostsUse signposts– Use short, familiar termsUse short, familiar terms– Carefully assess idiomsCarefully assess idioms
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VividnessVividness
Active verbsActive verbs
Strong verbsStrong verbs
Figures of speechFigures of speech
Imagery Imagery
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Visual ImageryVisual Imagery
Create ‘word’ pictures of people or Create ‘word’ pictures of people or objectsobjects
Use auditory imageryUse auditory imagery Use tactile imageryUse tactile imagery
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Figures of SpeechFigures of Speech
AlliterationAlliteration
HyperboleHyperbole
IronyIrony
MetaphorMetaphor
SynecdocheSynecdoche
MetonymyMetonymy
AntithesisAntithesis
SimileSimile
PersonificationPersonification
Rhetorical Rhetorical
QuestionsQuestions
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AppropriatenessAppropriateness
Level of formalityLevel of formality
Avoid unfamiliar termsAvoid unfamiliar terms
Avoid slangAvoid slang
Avoid ethnic expressionsAvoid ethnic expressions
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Personal StylePersonal Style
Use personal pronounsUse personal pronouns
Use questionsUse questions
Create immediacyCreate immediacy
– Use personal examplesUse personal examples
– Address audience as “you”Address audience as “you”
– Reinforce or complement audienceReinforce or complement audience
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Create ImmediacyCreate Immediacy
Refer directly to commonalities between Refer directly to commonalities between you and the audienceyou and the audience
Refer to shared experiences and goalsRefer to shared experiences and goals
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Forcefulness/PowerForcefulness/Power
Eliminate weakenersEliminate weakeners– Avoid hesitationsAvoid hesitations
– Avoid using too many Avoid using too many
intensifiersintensifiers
– Avoid tag questionsAvoid tag questions
– Avoid self-critical Avoid self-critical
statementsstatements
– Slang and vulgar Slang and vulgar
expressionsexpressions
Vary intensity as Vary intensity as
appropriateappropriate– Avoid bromides and Avoid bromides and
clichésclichés
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Phrasing SentencesPhrasing Sentences
Use short sentencesUse short sentences
Use direct sentencesUse direct sentences
Use active sentencesUse active sentences
Use positive sentencesUse positive sentences
Vary types of sentencesVary types of sentences
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Step 9: Rehearse Your Step 9: Rehearse Your SpeechSpeech
Rehearse as a wholeRehearse as a whole Time speechTime speech Approximate actual situationApproximate actual situation See yourself as speakerSee yourself as speaker Incorporate changesIncorporate changes Rehearse oftenRehearse often
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Undertake a Long Term Undertake a Long Term Delivery Improvement Delivery Improvement
ProgramProgram
1.1. Seek feedbackSeek feedback
2.2. Learn the differences Learn the differences between effective between effective and ineffective and ineffective patterns patterns
3.3. Seek additional Seek additional feedback feedback
4.4. Consult resources for Consult resources for practice exercises on practice exercises on volume, rate, pitch, volume, rate, pitch, and qualityand quality
5.5. See a speech clinicianSee a speech clinician
6.6. Seek professional Seek professional help if you’re help if you’re uncomfortable with uncomfortable with any aspect of your any aspect of your voice or bodily actionvoice or bodily action
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Step 10: Present Your Step 10: Present Your SpeechSpeech
Effective Presentation -Effective Presentation -
ComfortableComfortable
ConsistentConsistent
InterestingInteresting
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Methods of PresentationMethods of Presentation
ImpromptuImpromptu
From manuscriptFrom manuscript
From memoryFrom memory
ExtemporaneouslyExtemporaneously
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Making Your Presentation Making Your Presentation More EffectiveMore Effective
Be naturalBe natural Use presentation style to reinforce Use presentation style to reinforce
your messageyour message Dress appropriatelyDress appropriately Vary your presentationVary your presentation Be conversationalBe conversational Be expressiveBe expressive Avoid common mistakesAvoid common mistakes Use notes appropriatelyUse notes appropriately
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VoiceVoice
VoiceVoice
– VolumeVolume
– RateRate
– PitchPitch
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Articulation and PausesArticulation and Pauses
ArticulationArticulation OmissionOmission SubstitutionSubstitution Addition of sounds Addition of sounds
or syllablesor syllables AccentAccent Pronunciations of Pronunciations of
silent soundssilent sounds
PausesPauses FilledFilled UnfilledUnfilled Vocalized Pauses - Vocalized Pauses -
erer, , umum, , ahah, , wellwell, , andand ‘you know’ ‘you know’
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PronunciationPronunciation
Mispronouncing words in public speaking Mispronouncing words in public speaking may significantly damage your credibility may significantly damage your credibility
Errors of accentErrors of accent Errors of pronouncing silent soundsErrors of pronouncing silent sounds
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Bodily ActionBodily Action
Eye contactEye contact
Facial expressionFacial expression
PosturePosture
GesturesGestures
MovementMovement
ProxemicsProxemics
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Handling Audience Handling Audience QuestionsQuestions
Anticipate likely Anticipate likely questions and prepare questions and prepare answersanswers
Encourage questionsEncourage questions Maintain eye contact Maintain eye contact Pause before Pause before
answeringanswering If a question is If a question is
deemed personal, deemed personal, respond that question respond that question is not relevant to topicis not relevant to topic
If appropriate, thank If appropriate, thank the questioner or note the questioner or note that it’s a good questionthat it’s a good question
If you’re asked a If you’re asked a question and don’t question and don’t know the answer, say know the answer, say soso
Q&A sessions can Q&A sessions can connect with main connect with main pointspoints
Don’t allow one person Don’t allow one person to dominateto dominate
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Criticizing SpeechesCriticizing Speeches What is criticism?What is criticism? Culture and criticismCulture and criticism Guidelines for effective Guidelines for effective
criticismcriticism– Don’t express negative Don’t express negative
evaluation in publicevaluation in public– Don’t prove someone wrongDon’t prove someone wrong– Don’t correct someone’s errorsDon’t correct someone’s errors– Don’t ask difficult questionsDon’t ask difficult questions
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Knowledge to ActionKnowledge to Action
Think of a speech you have heard and something you will do to overcome some of the flaws in the delivery of that speech.