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Enabling Mechanisms for the Promotion of Agricultural

Biotechnology in the Philippines

PATRICIO S. FAYLON, JOCELYN E. EUSEBIO, ALBERT P. AQUINO, ANITA G. TIDON, FEZOIL LUZ C. DECENA,

and ANGELINA M. GARCES

Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD)

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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

I. Introduction1.1. agenda components1.2. focused projects1.3. available human resources1.4. R&D investments1.5. products in the markets

II. Biotech Programs of the NARS2.1. PCARRD as the apex organization2.2. Programs by sector

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III. Enabling Policies3.1. national policy pronouncement3.2. new policies for biotech promotion3.3. regulatory framework for product

commercialization3.4. 2006 biosafety framework

IV. Biotech Promotion and Advocacy4.1. findings of the regional survey4.2. public-private sector partnership4.3. IP for benefit sharing and enhancement

of commercialization

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V. Concluding Statement5.1. framework for the promotion of biotech5.2. identified needs and commitments

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I. INTRODUCTION

Papaya -PRSV and delayed ripening

Mango -long

shelf life

Corn –downy mildew, stalk rot complex,

Asiatic corn borer

Banana –BBTV

Coconut –medium

chain fatty acid

Transgenics

Biopesticides

Diagnostic Kits

Plant Tissue Culture

Biochemicals

Animal Nutrition

Reproductive Biotechniques

Animal Health

Biofertilizers

Bioremediation

Food Safety

Molecular Characterization

Technology Commercialization

Capability Building

Policy Advocacy

IEC/ICT

CROSS-CUTTING

CROPS

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

FORESTRY

Biofertilizers

Detection Kits

Plant Tissue Culture

LIVESTOCK

R&D

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

• Heavy Metals

• Useful substances from coco waste water

• Biodeodorization

• Accelerated garbage degradation

FORESTRY• Reforestation/ITPs• Biofertilizers

CROPS• Rice – BLB• Abaca – BTV & MV

LIVESTOCK• Manipulation

of rumen function

• Buffalo cloning• Ruminants –

Fasciola• Swine – hog

cholera

Secondary Metabolites

Coconut

Mango

Papaya

Banana

Sweet Potato

Buffaloes -Reproductive Biotechniques

Wood Production

Forest Species -Macro selection

and Micro & Macro

Propagation

Biofertilizer -PGPR

Cross-Cutting

Policy Research & Advocacy

• Protocols/Evaluation System/Standards

• Field Testing

• Safe Consumption

Capability Building• Degree and Non-Degree Program

• Facilities Improvement

• Accreditation of Laboratories with International Standards

IEC• Situational Analysis

• IEC Materials

• Process Documentation

• Campaigns

• Impact Evaluation

ICT• Situational Analysis

• InfrastructureSetup & Maintenance

• Web and System Development & Management

• Bioinformatics

• Promotion

• M&E and Enhancement

Cross-Cutting

IP and Technology Management

• IP and TP audit

• Deposit of Microorganisms in IDA

• Application for IP Protection

• Negotiation for Technology Transfer Socio-economic

Assessment

• Ex-Ante/Ex-Post Evaluation

• Feasibility and Market Studies

Technology Commercialization

• Assessment

• Piloting

• Valuation

• Venture financing and business incubators

• Trade fairs and for a

• Standards and certifications

Traditional BiotechnologyTissue Culture, 14%

Microbiology, 10.5%

Biofertilizer, 5.5%

Enzymology, 4%

Fermentation, 4%

Reproductive Biotechniques, 3.5%

Others, 24.7%

ModernGene Cloning/Mapping/ Fingerprinting, 11.5%

Microbial Biotechnology/ Bioremediation, 6%

Transformation/Genetic Engineering, 4%

Molecular Marker, 3%

Others, 7.5%

Modern 32%

Traditional 68%

Total = 317 Biotechnologists

Human Resources

Region 4, 56%NCR, 15%Region 3, 6%Others, 23%

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Biotech R&D Investments

Realizing the need for:more efficient ways to produce foodmanage resources and minimize environmental degradationdevelop a globally competitive ANR sectora more diverse and improved biological stock

… the Philippines invested around

P43M from 1975 to 1991,

P40M from 1992-1997,

P125M from 1998-2002,

and P180M from 2003-2006Grand Total =

P388M (1975-2006)

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BIOFERTILIZERS Bio-N, NITROPLUS, MYCOGRO, MYKOVAMGROWTH HORMONES COCOGRO

ENZYMES Lipase, Alpha-Amylase, Cellulase, Lipase, Proteases, Pectinase, Microbial Rennet, Papain, Bromelain

SPECIALTY PRODUCTS Virgin Coconut Oil, B-monoglycerides,, Essential Oils

VACCINES HEMOSEP-WC, Biovac-FC, Biovac-HS, Biovac-IC

DIAGNOSTIC KITS Plant Pathogens Diagnosis by ELISA, PCR-based for Salmonella, E. coli, and Staphyloccocuscontamination

TISSUE CULTURES Banana, Orchids, others

Commercialized

Biotech Products in the Market

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Approved for planting:

Approved for importation:

Source: Manalo, 2005

CORN Corn borer resistance, herbicide tolerance

CORN corn borer resistance, herbicide tolerance, root worm resistance

SOYBEAN herbicide tolerance

Biotech Products in the Market

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II. BIOTECH PROGRAMS

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Biotech Programs of the NARS

Papaya ring-spot virus

Banana bunchy top virus

Sweet potato feathery

mottle virus

CropsDisease Resistant Varieties

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Biotech Programs of the NARS

Long shelf-life in papaya

Long shelf-life in mango

Quality oil in coconut

Crops

Improved Quality

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Biotech Programs of the NARS

Tissue culture protocols for foretrees

Forestry

Acacia

Eucalyptus

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III. ENABLING POLICIES

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Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (R.A. 8435 AFMA), 22 Decem-ber 1997, Biotechnology 10% of total AFMA Budget (4% of total R&D Budget)

Malacañang Memoran-dum 21 January 2000, Institutionalization of national policy on biotech-nology

DOST-National S&T Plan (2002-2020)

Policy Pronouncement

President G.M. Arroyo’s Policy Pronouncement on Biotechnology:

“We shall promote the safe and responsible use of modern biotechnology and its products as one of several means to achieve and sustain food security, … sustainable and safe environment”(Malacañang Memo of 16 July 2001)

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Recent Policies for the Promotion of Biotech

• 2005 Biotechnology Industry Cluster• 2005 Agri-biotechnology industry cluster

led by DA Secretary• 2005 Biotechnology Week celebration

AGENCY INVOLVED REQUIREMENTREGULATION

EO 240

EO 240

EO 240

• NCBP

• NCBP

• DOST, DENR, DA• BPI - implements monitoring

• DA-STRP, BAFPS, BPI, BFAD

• BAI

• DENR

• DTI

SPECIFIC CONCERN

•“Import for contained use

• Use of GMO in lab experiments• Lab facilities

Evaluate protein (identify, function, dietary exposure, nutrition, digestibility, toxicity, allergenic factor)

• Feeding trial• Nutritional equivalent

• Susceptibility to insect/disease• Impact on beneficial/non-target org.• Out-crossing

• Monitoring

• Labeling• Risk communication• Ethical clearance

• DTI

• Permit

• Permit

• Certification

• Expertise• Laboratory

• Expertise• Laboratory

• Expertise

• Advocacy

Managing a Participatory Regulatory Framework for Biotech Products

RA 7394

• Permit

PROCESS

Biotech Products (BP)

Laboratory Evaluation

Greenhouse Evaluation

Contained Field Trial

Commercialization

Food Safety

Feed Safety

Env. Safety

Market • local

• foreign

Consumer’s Acceptance• labeling

• risk communication

Utilization• seed• food• feed

• others

EO 240 •Limited release in field

AO 8 • Import for direct use

RA 3720

RA 7394

RE G

ULA

TOR

YC

ON

SUM

ER’S

C

HO

ICE

Imported BP

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Part 1. National and institutional biosafety committees Part 2 Guidelines for evaluation of work dealing with

genetic engineeringPart 3. Regulations pertaining to importation or

introduction, movement, and field release of potential hazardous biological materials

Part 4. Physical and biological containment and safety procedures

EO 430: National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippine (NCBP,1990)Guidelines

Regulatory Framework

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DA AO No. 8: Commercialization Guidelines(2002)

– Permit to Import for Contained Use– Permit to Field Test– Permit for Propagation– Permit to Import for Direct Use

Regulatory Framework

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DTI/DOH Market and Food Regulation

– Consumer Act– Food and Drug Cosmetic Act

Regulatory Framework

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E.O. 514: 2006 National Biosafety Framework

• Development, adoption and implementation of all biosafety policies, measures and guidelines

• Provide biosafety decisions for regulated articles pertaining to: - research & development- handling and use- transboundary movement- release into the environment - management

Regulatory Framework

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2006 NBF Implementing Units• Dept. of Science & Technology (DOST)• Dept. of Agriculture (DA)• Dept. of Environment & Natural Resources (DENR)• Dept. of Health (DOH)• Dept. of Foreign Affairs (DFA)• Dept. of Trade & Industry (DTI)• National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP)• Dept. of Interior & Local Government (DILG)• PO, NGOs, SUCs

Regulatory Framework

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IV. Biotechnology Promo andAdvocacy/Awareness

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Public Awareness

Activities• Advocacy campaign at national level for policy makers,

line agencies, non-profit organizations, and SCUsjointly by DOST, DA, SEARCA-ISAAA

• Public awareness at the local level by the Regional Consortia of the AFNR network

• Biotechnology School-on-the-Air and listenershipsurvey, increased from 45% to 96% who heard about biotech

• Regional survey “Public Understanding, Perceptions, and Attitudes towards Biotechnology in the Philippines”

• JG Burgos awards for biotech journalism under the umbrella of DA program

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Public Awareness

General Attitude• Moderate perception on risks of biotech to

public health and food safety• Mixed response on the issue of contributing

money and time to ban GM products• Stakeholders one in saying that labeling be

done• Divided on issue of adequacy of regulation

for GMOs

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Public-Private Sector Collaboration• 1990, UPLB Biotech• 1993, UPLB S&T Park

– had 4 tenants• 1996, Biotechnology Association of the

Philippines– first attempt to build a biotech community on health,

environment, and industry composed of both public and private sector

• 2001, Biotechnology Coalition of the Philippines– expanded BAPI to include the agricultural sector– solicited statement of support from private sector

• 2003, Biotech Information Network

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IP for Benefit Sharing and Enhancement of Commercialization• E. O. 247 (1995) – Prescribing guidelines and establishing a

regulatory framework for the prospecting of biological and genetic resources, their by-products and derivatives for scientific and commercial purposes, and for other purposes

• R.A. 8293 (1997) – Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines

• RA 9147 (2001) - Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act – Bioprospecting and benefit sharing superseding E. O. 247

• Plant Variety Protection Act (2002) - allows registration/ property rights ownership for breeders

• DOST MC001 (2002) - provides for a mechanism to operationa-lize and institutionalize intellectual property and technology management in the DOST and the national R&D system.

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V. Concluding Statement

GOALSSocio-Economic

Environment• Health• Security• Equityity

Conceptual Framework for the

Promotion of Agricultural

Biotechnology.

ClientPerception Knowledge

AttitudeNeedsRights

Preferences

ResourcesManpower

InfrastructureFunds

Creative Partnerships Collegial Environment

ACTIVITIESBiotech RDE

PURPOSEConsumer and

Commercial Confidence• Utilization

OUTPUTBio-Security

Bio-Technologies/ Products

INPUTS

Raw MaterialsLandWater

Bio-Diversity(plants, animals, microorganisms)

Bio-SafetyPoliciesRegulationsProtection ToolsProceduresStandardsAdvocacyEducationKnowledge Mgt.

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Needs and Commitments

In the Philippines we envision to adapt an enabling environment for biotechnology

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Needs and Commitments

because we have to ensure that there will be enough food to feed ourselves in the years to come, amid our shrinking land area for cultivation.

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The Tasks Ahead

Therefore, we need to strengthen our stand if we are to advance biotechnology’s role in food security and environmental sustainability.

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Thank you Thank you very much.very much.

Third Asian Biotechnology Conference (AsianBio2006)

9-10 November 2006, Diamond Hotel, Manila