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China IPR Webinar Series1
“Rollershoe v. Chee Ting Shoe Trading Co." – a case study on developing a brand protection strategy in China
Webinar presented by the United States Department of Commerceand the American Bar Association Section of International Law
Featuring:Ellen Szymanski, Department of CommerceScott Bain, Software & Information Industry AssociationElizabeth Chien-Hale, Institute for Intellectual Property in AsiaPaul Jones, Jones & Co.Bruce A. McDonald, Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP
November 13, 2007
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China IPR Webinar Series2
Hypothetical 1: Rollershoe, Inc.
Manufactures and sells shoes with built-in, battery operated wheels; also apparel
Manufacturing in U.S. since 1990 TMs, Copyrights, Patents registered in U.S. Registered Trademarks:
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China IPR Webinar Series3
Hypothetical 1: Rollershoe, Inc. Chee Ting Shoe Trading Company
Distributes foreign products in Chinese market July 10, 2007 trade show in Washington, DC
Rollershoe and Chee Ting exchange marketing materials and catalogs
Enter into distributorship agreement
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China IPR Webinar Series4
Hypothetical 1: Rollershoe, Inc. Rollershoe registers trademark in China
Rollershoe chooses Chinese character name, and brand in Pinyin. Registers both in China.
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China IPR Webinar Series5
Hypothetical 1: Rollershoe, Inc.
1) Identify Rollershoe’s IP Portfolio
2) What has Rollershoe done to protect its IP in the U.S. and China?
3) What else could it have done?
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China IPR Webinar Series6
Hypothetical 2: Rollershoe, Inc. After 1 year, 2 months Rollershoe sends Chee
Ting letter remind of agreement terms Rollershoes are everywhere in China, but
company’s reported sales numbers are down. Accidents lead to investigation in U.S.
Shoe Emporium unauthorized U.S. retailer; purchased from Fay King Shoes, Ltd. in China
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China IPR Webinar Series7
Hypothetical 2: Rollershoe, Inc. Investigator tours Fay King factory in China,
finds extensive counterfeit toys and apparel bearing Rollershoe marks, copies of Rollershoes’ brochures and catalogs with Chee Ting’s phone numbers.
Rollershoe sends C&D to Chee Ting. Chee Ting responds that it owns the marks in
China and has registered several (see Table C).
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China IPR Webinar Series8
Hypothetical 2: Rollershoe, Inc.
1) What actions can Rollershoe take in China?
2) What actions can Rollershoe take in the U.S.?
3) What can the U.S. government do to assist Rollershoe?
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China IPR Webinar Series10
Patent Rights
Patent laws and rights are territorial Even though one application can be filed in
different countries Even though an applicant may, after meeting
certain requirements, claim the filing date of its first filing in the home country
Your US Patents will not protect you in China
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China IPR Webinar Series11
What Rollershoe Inc. Could Have Done:
Apply for Design Patents: ornamental features, not examined, 10-year term
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China IPR Webinar Series12
What Rollershoe Inc. Could Have Done:
Apply for Utility Model Patents: shape and configuration, not examined, 10-year term
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China IPR Webinar Series13
What Rollershoe Inc. Could Have Done:
Apply for Invention Patents: products and methods of manufacturing, examined, 20-year term
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China IPR Webinar Series14
The Patent Application Procedure
Applications submitted to the State Intellectual Property Office
Formality Examination for design and utility model applications
Substantive Examination for invention patent applications
In 2006, China received over 570,000 combined invention, design, utility model patent applications
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China IPR Webinar Series15
Patent Protection in China
Not all inventions patentable in the United States are patentable in China: for example, software/business method patents are not easily granted
After two sets of amendments in 1992 and 2000, a third set of amendments in currently in progress
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China IPR Webinar Series16
Patent Protection for Rollershoe
Products have been out in the US since Jan. 1, 1990
Majority of its old technologies will not be able to meet the novelty standards: priority date must be claimed within the 12-month period
Rollershoe should examine its patent portfolio and apply for patents in China for any new inventions
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China IPR Webinar Series17
Enforcement of Patent Rights in China
Good legal framework in place through legislative changes to bring its laws into compliance with international treaty obligations
Good registration/application procedures
Enforcement, or lack thereof, has been the focus of international attention
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China IPR Webinar Series18
What Can Rollershoe Do in China?
If Chee Ting applied for any patents for Rollershoe technologies in China, Rollershoe can invalidate these patents
Invalidation proceeding is before the State Intellectual Property Office
Decisions may be subject to judicial review
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China IPR Webinar Series19
Enforcement Channels in China if Rollershoe Has Rights in China Administrative Judicial Factors to consider in choosing the
appropriate channel: Are you seeking a quick, local solution? Do you care about damages? Administrative decisions may ultimately end
up in courts Most would recommend the judicial route for
patent rights
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China IPR Webinar Series20
Customs Protection
New Regulations on Customs Protection of Intellectual Property (IP) Rights came into force in March 2004
Customs officials can detain and confiscate imported and exported infringing goods at the border
Two types of protection: Active protection: for pre-recorded IPR only;
initiated by customs officials Passive protection: recording of IP rights with
the customs authorities no longer required; initiated by IPR holders
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China IPR Webinar Series21
Customs Protection (continued) Even though all rights can be recorded,
customs is not very equipped to deal with complex patent infringement issues.
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China IPR Webinar Series22
What Can Rollershoe Do in the US?
Section 337 investigation before the U.S. International Trade Commission: more and more Chinese companies are being sued and responding to the lawsuits
U.S. district courtsCustoms actions at other countries
where the infringing goods are sold: the EU countries for example
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China IPR Webinar Series23
The End
Thank you!
Elizabeth [email protected]
TEL: 408-776-8719 FAX: 408-776-8718
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China IPR Webinar Series24
Trademark Protection in China商标保护在中花人民共和国
Paul Jones
November 13, 2007
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China IPR Webinar Series25
Trademark Rights商标权 Trademark laws and rights are territorial
Even though one application can be filed in different countries
Even though an applicant may, after meeting certain requirements, claim the filing date of its first filing in the home country
Your US trademarks will not protect you in China
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China IPR Webinar Series26
What Rollershoe Inc. Could Have Done:
Apply for Registration In China of:
ROLLERSHOE All RS marks 我乐鞋 WO LE XIE &
DESIGN
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China IPR Webinar Series27
What Rollershoe Inc. Could Have Done:
Apply FOR Registration in China in multiple classes:
Footwear Apparel toys
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China IPR Webinar Series28
The Trademark Application Procedure
Applications submitted to the State Intellectual Property Office
Either directly or through the Madrid Process
Examinations currently backlogged by about 3 years
Status can be monitored online for free in Chinese
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China IPR Webinar Series29
Trademark Protection in China 商标保护在中国
商标法 or Trademark Law adopted in 1982 After two sets of amendments in 1993 and
2001, a third set of amendments in currently in progress
Regulation for the Implementation of the Trademark Law adopted in 2002
Supreme People’s Court Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Law to the Trail of Civil Dispute Cases Involving Trademarks – 2002
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China IPR Webinar Series30
Enforcement of Trademark Rights in China 商标权实施 Good legal framework in place through
legislative changes to bring its laws into compliance with international treaty obligations
Good registration/application procedures
Chinese courts do enforce trademarks, and especially foreign owned trademarks
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China IPR Webinar Series31
Enforcement of Trademark Rights in China 商标权实施 Many IP decisions now available at:
http://ipr.chinacourt.org/
Court web sites available at:
http://www.chinacourt.org/fyzx/
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China IPR Webinar Series32
What Can Rollershoe Do About Trademarks in China?
Under the Trademark Law:
Articles 15 & 41 – where an agent of a representative registers trademarks of the person for whom it acts – request TRAB to cancel
With respect to the RS marks, Articles 31 & 41 – registration by other cannot prejudice to prior right of Rollershoe – have 5 years to request review and cancellation by TRAB
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China IPR Webinar Series33
What Can Rollershoe Do About Trademarks in China?
With respect to RS marks, Articles 52 & 53 – use of similar marks
Articles 13, 14 & 41 – well known mark
Article 41 – Where the registration of a trademark was acquired by fraud or any other unfair means – TRAB shall cancel
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China IPR Webinar Series34
What Can Rollershoe Do About Trademarks in China?
Under the 反不正当经济法 – Anti-Unfair Competition Law Article 5 – counterfeiting or copying
packaging
Decisions may be subject to judicial review
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China IPR Webinar Series35
Enforcement Channels in China Administrative Judicial Factors to consider in choosing the
appropriate channel: Are you seeking a quick, local solution? Do you care about damages? Administrative decisions may ultimately end
up in courts Trend is to recommend the judicial route
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China IPR Webinar Series36
The End
谢谢Thank you!
Paul [email protected]
TEL: 416-703-5716 FAX: 416-703-6180
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China IPR Webinar Series37
China IPR Webinar SeriesNovember 13, 2007
Bruce A. McDonald
SCHNADER HARRISON SEGAL & LEWIS LLP
2001 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Suite 300
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202) 419-4235
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China IPR Webinar Series38
Questions
What else might Rollershoe have done to protect its IP in the U.S?
What remedies does Rollershoe have in the U.S.?
Is Rollershoe liable for Sam Lo’s injuries?
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China IPR Webinar Series39
Recordation of Trademarks and Copyrights With U.S. Customs
See McDonald and Yoo, “Recording Trademarks, Trade Names and Copyrights with U.S. Customs: Requirements, Procedure and Fees,” in Masterson, ed., International Practitioner's Deskbook Series: International Trademarks and Copyrights - Enforcement and Management (American Bar Association 2004)
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China IPR Webinar Series40
Review of Customs Determination Lois Jeans & Jackets, U.S.A., Inc., v. United States, 5 C.I.T.
238, 566 F. Supp. 1523 (1983)
Ross Cosmetics Distribution Centers, Inc. v. United States, 18 C.I.T. 979, 34 USPQ2d 1758 (1994)
Sakar International, Inc. v. United States, 466 F. Supp. 2d 1333, 2006 Ct. Intl. Trade LEXIS 182 (2006)
United States v. Nippon Miniature Bearing Corp. and Minebea Co., Ltd., 25 C.I.T. 635, 155 F. Supp. 2d 707 (2001)
Vivitar Corp., Plaintiff v. United States, 8 C.I.T. 109, 593 F. Supp. 420 (1984)
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China IPR Webinar Series41
Remedies in U.S.
Action for Exclusion Order at U.S. International Trade Commission
Action for Injunctive Relief and Damages in United States District Court
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China IPR Webinar Series42
U.S. Court Action
Personal Jurisdiction
Trademark License / Joint Venture
Irreparable Harm
Kitty Walk Systems, Inc. v. Midnight Pass Inc., 431 F. Supp. 2d 306 (E.D.N.Y. 2006)
Christopher Norman Chocolates, Ltd. v. Schokinag Chocolates North America, Inc., 270 F. Supp. 2d 432 (S.D.N.Y. 2003)
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China IPR Webinar Series43
ITC Complaint
Faster / less expensive
Useful discovery for later court action
Decreases cost of later court action
Equitable relief against foreign parties not subject to personal jurisdiction
Easier burden of proof
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China IPR Webinar Series44
ITC Complaint
Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. § 1337
In case of patent or trademark infringement, Section 337 prohibits:
Importation
Sale for importation
Sale after importation
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China IPR Webinar Series45
U.S. Industry Requirement
Relevant industry exists or is being established.
• investment in plant and equipment;
• employment of labor or capital;
• engineering, research and development; or
• licensing.
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China IPR Webinar Series46
ITC Complaint
Examined by Office of Unfair Import Investigations.
Recommendation to Commission w/in 30 days.
Commission usually determines whether to investigate w/in 30 days of filing complaint.
Notice of decision published in Fed. Reg.
If investigation is commenced, complaint is served on embassy of foreign respondent.
Decisions not to investigate are rare.
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China IPR Webinar Series47
ITC Procedure
Hearing before ALJ
Commission Rules, 19 CFR Part 210
APA, 5 U.S.C. § 551 et seq.
ITC offices, Washington, D.C.
ALJ initial determination certified to Commission.
Commission may adopt, modify or reverse.
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China IPR Webinar Series48
Counterclaims
ITC does not hear counterclaims
But invalidity may be raised as defense
Counterclaim must be removed to federal court
Complainant may request stay of federal court action
Federal court counterclaim does not delay ITC investigation
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China IPR Webinar Series49
Action by Commission
Investigation concluded “at the earliest practicable time” = 15 months from publication of notice of investigation in Fed. Reg.
Decision not to review AJL initial determination is final agency decision
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China IPR Webinar Series50
ITC Orders
Exclusion Order
All infringing products (general exclusion); or
Infringing product of named manufactuurer (limited exclusion)
Cease and Desist Order
Resale in U.S.
Preliminary Injunction / TRO
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China IPR Webinar Series51
Product Liability
Rockwell, Trademark Licensor’s Liability for Injury or Death Allegedly Due to Defect in Licensed Product, 90 A.L.R. 4th 981
Note, Tort Liability of Trademark Licensors, 55 Iowa L.Rev. 693 (1970)
Franklyn, The Apparent Manufacturer Doctrine, Trademark Licensors and the Third Restatement of Torts, 49 Case W. Res. 671 (1999)
Franklyn, Toward A Coherent Theory Of Strict Tort Liability For Trademark Licensors, 72 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1 (1998)
Germain, Tort Liability of Trademark Licensors in an Era of "Accountability": A Tale of Three Cases, 69 Trademark Rep. 128, 136 (1979)
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China IPR Webinar Series52
Restatement
§ 400 of the Restatement (Second) of Torts: “One who puts out as his own product a chattel manufactured by another is subject to the same liability as though he were its manufacturer.”
Compare Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability § 14 cmt. d (1998) (apparent manufacturer doctrine "does not, by its terms, apply to the owner of a trademark who licenses a manufacturer to place the licensor's trademark . . . on the manufacturer's product and distribute it as though manufactured by the licensor")
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China IPR Webinar Series53
Issues
Strict Liabilty
Control
Negligence
Defective Design
Need for enforcement action in U.S.
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China IPR Webinar Series54
Factors
Risk created by approving unsafe product
Ability and opportunity to eliminate unsafe character of product
Consumer’s lack of knowledge of danger
Consumer’s reliance on trademark / trade name
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THE END
.