pp 979-991. breakdown of food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body in one long...
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PP 979-991
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Breakdown of food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body in one long tube from mouth to anus
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6 classes of nutrients:1. carbohydrates2. fats3. proteins
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6 classes of nutrients:1. carbohydrates2. fats3. proteins4. minerals: help balance osmosis and
the function of certain cells (i.e muscle and nerve cell)
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6 classes of nutrients:1. carbohydrates2. fats3. proteins4. minerals: help balance osmosis and
the function of certain cells (i.e muscle and nerve cell)
5. vitamins: aid enzyme activity6. water: most chemical reactions can
only occur in water (accounts for half of your body weight)
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Mechanical: physical breakdown of food Chewing, peristalsis
(moving bolus down the esophagus), and stomach churning
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Chemical Digestion: Enzymes breaking down food into simpler forms (monomers)
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Amylase (enzyme) is released from glands into saliva Breaks down carbs to
monosaccharides
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Amylase (enzyme) is released from glands into saliva Breaks down carbs to
monosaccharides
Bolus (food ball) travels down esophagus to stomach
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Muscle contractions break bolus apart (mechanical digestion)
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Muscle contractions break bolus apart (mechanical digestion)
Pepsin (enzyme) breaks down proteins into amino acids Released by gastric glands
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Muscle contractions break bolus apart (mechanical digestion)
Pepsin (enzyme) breaks down proteins into amino acids Released by gastric glands
HCl keeps stomach acidic so the pepsin can work
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Secretes sodium bicarbonate (base) into small intestine to neutralize acid.
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Produces bile and stores it in the gall bladder
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Stores bile and secretes it into the small intestine Breaks down fats into fatty acids
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Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption
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Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption
Villi: Folds in lining of small intestines Increases surface
area for maximum absorption.
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Absorption of water, minerals, and vitamins
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Salivary glands
StomachLiver
PancreasGall bladder
Small intestine Large intestine/colon
Esophagus