pp. synthesis two or more elements or compounds may combine to form a more complex compound. basic...
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![Page 1: Pp. Synthesis two or more elements or compounds may combine to form a more complex compound. Basic form: A + X → AX EX. 2Mg (s) + O 2(g) → 2MgO](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649e955503460f94b998d0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
pppp
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Synthesis two or more elements or compounds
may combine to form a more complex compound. Basic form: A + X → AXEX. 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)
Decomposition A single compound breaks down into its
component parts or simpler compounds. Basic form: AX → A + X Ex. CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
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Single Replacement: a more active element takes the place of another
element in a compound and sets the less active one free
Basic form: A + BX → AX + B EX. Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Double Replacement:parts of two compounds switch places to form two
new compounds. Two reactants yield two new products
EX. AB + XY ---> AY + XBEX. NaCl + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + HCl
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Acids are chemicals in which the positive ion is a hydrogen atom.
HCl or H2SO4
When mixed with water they produce a free hydrogen ion that combines with a water molecule to produce a hydronium ion (H3O)
H+1 + H2O H3O+1
An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions when it breaks apart in water.
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Taste sour
React with metals to produce hydrogen
2HCl + 2Na 2NaCl + H2
Conduct electricity.
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Bases are substances in which the negative ion is an ion called
hydroxide (OH)-1
For example; NaOH, or KOHused to make soap, household
cleaners, fertilizers, and explosives.
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Taste bitter Feel slippery Conduct electricity Sometimes Caustic. That is they eat
away at certain substances and they are irritating or damaging to skin.
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A salt is a compound formed from the positive metal ions of a base and a negative nonmetal ion of an acid.NaCl, K2SO4
Are the product of a reaction between an acid and a base, along with water.
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They form crystals when in solid form They usually have a higher hardness
because of their ionic bonding. An acid plus a base yields a salt and
water.HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOHHCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
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A reaction between an acid and base. The products of a neutralization
reaction are a salt and water.
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The pH scale gives a measure of the concentration of positive hydrogen ions in a solution. a way of describing the acidic or
basic strength of a solution.the acidity of a solution can be
expressed by using the pH scale
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the scale ranges from 0 to 14 acids range from 0 to 6, with 0 being
the strongest acid bases range from 8 to 14, with 14
being the strongest base. pure water, which is neither acid nor
base, has a pH level of 7 or is neutral
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Indicators are substances that visibly show a change in the nature of a chemical system.
Universal indicator- an acid/base indicator that shows, by color, the pH of a substance.
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ACIDIC NEUTRAL BASIC
7 14141
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