ppe

Personal protective equipmentPersonal protective equipment

OSHA Office of Training and Education 1


PPE PPE


PPE Definition :PPE Definition :

• Personal protective equipment or wearings are used in the industry / work place to protect workers from any such hazard in short it is known as PPE

• PPEs are of two main categories.• 1) Use and Throw PPEs• 2) Use and Re-Use PPEs


Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment


ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

• Employer ( safety officer ) Assess workplace for hazardsProvide PPEDetermine when to use Provide PPE training for employees and

instruction in proper use• Employee

Use PPE in accordance with training received and other instructionsInspect daily and maintain in a clean and reliable condition


Examples of PPEExamples of PPE

Eye safety glasses, goggles

Face face shields

Head hard hats

Feet safety shoes

Hands and arms gloves

Bodies vests

Hearing earplugs, earmuffs

Body Part Protection


Protecting Employees from Workplace HazardsProtecting Employees from Workplace Hazards

• Employers( safety officer ) must protect employees from hazards such as falling objects, harmful substances, and noise exposures that can cause injury

• Employers ( safety officer ) must: Use all feasible engineering and work practice

controls to eliminate and reduce hazards Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if the

controls don’t eliminate the hazards. • PPE is the last level of control!


Work Practice ControlsWork Practice Controls

If . . .

Employees can change the way they do their jobs and the exposure to the potential hazard is removed,

Then . . .

The hazard can be eliminated with a work practice control


Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls

If . . .

The work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard,

Then . . .

The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control


Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls

• Initial design specifications• Substitute less harmful material• Change process• Enclose process• Isolate process

Examples . . .


Work Practice Controls -- ExamplesWork Practice Controls -- Examples


PPE ProgramPPE Program

• Includes procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE

• First -- assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPE

• After selecting PPE, provide training to employees who are required to use it


TrainingTraining

• Why it is necessary• How it will protect them• What are its limitations• When and how to wear• How to identify signs of wear• How to clean and disinfect • What is its useful life & how is it

disposed

If employees are required to use PPE, train them:


Head ProtectionHead Protection


Causes of Head InjuriesCauses of Head Injuries

• Falling objects such as tools

• Bumping head against objects, such as pipes or beams

• Contact with exposed electrical wiring or components


Elimination or Control of Hazards• Safe Work Practices• Grounded equipment/shock resistant

tools• Signs posted warning of hazards


Types of Head PPE• Hard hats

A rigid shell that resists and deflects blows to the head

A suspension system inside the hat that acts as a shock absorber

Some hats serve as an insulator against electrical shocks

Shields your scalp, face, neck, and shoulders against splashes, spills, and drips

Some hard hats can be modified so you can add face shields, goggles, hoods, or hearing protection to them


Selecting the Right Hard HatSelecting the Right Hard HatClass A• General service (building construction, shipbuilding,

lumbering)

• Good impact protection but limited voltage protection 2200v

Class B• Electrical / Utility work

• Protects against falling objects and high-voltage shock 20000v and burns

Class C• Designed for comfort, offers limited protection

• Protects against bumps from fixed objects, but does not protect against falling objects or electrical shock


• Modification of Hard HatDrilled holes for

venting relief Inserted pencil

holder on hat for easy retrieval

• Hard hat from employee holding ladderEmployee on

ladder dropped screw driver

Screw driver landed on hard hat and stuck in


Proper use and care of hard hat. Tell employees:• Always wear your hard hat while you are working

in areas where there are potential head hazards • Adjust the suspension inside your hard hat so that

the hat sits comfortably, but securely on your head

• Inspect the shell of your hard hat for cracks, gouges, and dents. Inspect the suspension system for frayed or broken straps. If your hard hat needs to be repaired, have it repaired immediately or ask your employer for a new one

• Place plastic (non-metal) reflective tape on hat if working at night

• Never paint, scratch or drill "air holes" in your hard hat

• Never carry personal belongings such as cigarettes, lighters, or pens in your hard hat


Care and Maintenance of Hard Hat.

Tell employees:• Clean your hard hat at

least once a month by soaking it in a solution of mild soap and hot water for 5-10 minutes

• Because sunlight and heat can damage the suspension of your hat, always store your hat in a clean, dry, and cool location


Eye ProtectionEye Protection


Eye and Face ProtectionEye and Face Protection

Why Eye and Face Protection is

Important

Thousands of people are blinded each year from work related eye injuries. Injuries that could have been prevented, if only people would have used eye or face protection.


Elimination or Control of HazardsVentilation

Ventilation can significantly reduce the amount of airborne particles that could be hazardous to your eyes

Lighting Good lighting reduces

eye strain and glare


Elimination or Control of Hazards Signs and Warnings

Obstructions and protruding objects should be identified and marked

Eyewash Stations Eyewash stations should

be located within 100 feet of your work area. If you accidentally get something in your eyes, go directly to the eyewash station and flush your eyes with water for 15 minutes. Be sure to hold your eyes open with your fingers and "look" directly into the water streams.


When must Eye Protection be Provided?When must Eye Protection be Provided?

When any of these hazards are present:

• Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or sawdust

• Corrosive gases, vapors, and liquids

• Molten metal that may splash

• Potentially infectious materials such as blood or hazardous liquid chemicals that may splash

• Intense light from welding and lasers


Eye ProtectionEye ProtectionCriteria for SelectionCriteria for Selection

• Protects against specific hazard(s) • Comfortable to wear• Does not restrict vision or movement• Durable and easy to clean and disinfect• Does not interfere with the function of

other required PPE


Eye Protection for EmployeesEye Protection for EmployeesWho Wear EyeglassesWho Wear Eyeglasses

Ordinary glasses do not provide the required protection

Proper choices include:

• Prescription glasses with side shields and protective lenses

• Goggles that fit comfortably over corrective glasses without disturbing the glasses

• Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted behind protective lenses


Regular glasses or sunglasses are not appropriate SAFETY GLASSES


Safety GlassesSafety Glasses

• Made with metal/plastic safety frames• Most operations require side shields• Used for moderate impact from particles

produced by jobs such as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling


GogglesGoggles

• Protects eyes and area around the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes

• Some goggles fit over corrective lenses


Laser Safety GogglesLaser Safety Goggles

Protects eyes from intense concentrations of light produced by lasers

Care of Eye Protection Equipment Tell employees:• Clean your eye protection equipment. You

can usually use mild soap and water Never use abrasive soaps, rough paper, or cloth

towels

• Keep PPE in good working condition If damaged, replace as soon as possible

• Store your eye protection equipment in a sanitary, cool, dry area away from moisture

• Read the manufacturer's directions and warnings before using any eye protection equipment

• If you have any questions concerning your eye protection equipment, talk with your supervisor or safety manager

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Face ShieldsFace Shields• Full face protection• Protects face from dusts and splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids• Does not protect from impact hazards• Wear safety glasses or goggles underneath


• Face shield used by an employee working with molten metal

• The molten metal bubbled and burst onto the face shield of the employee

• The employee did not receive any injuries from the incident


Welding ShieldsWelding Shields

Protects eyes against burns from radiant light

Protects face and eyes from flying sparks, metal spatter, & slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting


Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection


Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection

If it’s not feasible to reduce the noise orits duration – use ear protective devices

Ear protective devicesmust be fitted


When Must Hearing Protection When Must Hearing Protection be Provided?be Provided?

After implementing engineering and work practice controls

When an employee’s noise exposure exceeds an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) sound level of 90 dBA


Earmuffs Earplugs Canal Caps

Examples of Hearing ProtectorsExamples of Hearing Protectors


Foot ProtectionFoot Protection


When Must Foot Protection be When Must Foot Protection be Provided?Provided?

When any of these are present:• Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that

might roll onto or fall on employees’ feet• Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that

might pierce ordinary shoes• Molten metal that might splash on feet• Hot or wet surfaces• Slippery surfaces


Safety ShoesSafety Shoes

• Impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles protect against hot surfaces common in roofing and paving

• Some have metal insoles to protect against puncture wounds

• May be electrically conductive for use in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical hazards

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Foot ProtectionFoot ProtectionTypes of Foot PPE• Safety Shoes and Boots

Steel toe footwear protects your toes from falling

objects and from being crushed Metatarsal footwear

special guards that run from your ankle to your toes and protect your entire foot

Reinforced sole footwear metal reinforcement that protects

your foot from punctures Latex/Rubber footwear

resists chemicals and provides extra traction on slippery surfaces

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Type of Foot PPE• Safety Shoes and Boots

PVC footwear protects your feet against

moisture and improves traction Butyl footwear

protects against most ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, salts, and alkalies

Vinyl footwear resists solvents, acids, alkalies,

salts, water, grease, and blood Nitrile footwear

resists animal fats, oils, and chemicals


Types of Foot PPE• Safety Shoes and Boots

Electrostatic dissipating footwear conducts static electricity to

floors that are grounded

Electrical hazard footwear insulated with tough rubber to

prevent shocks and burns from electricity

Disposable footwear includes shower slippers, clear

polyethylene and non-woven booties used in dust free work areas


• Employee ran over foot with lawn mowerNotice the damage

to the shoeThe steel toe insert

is lying in the grass next to perfectly fine toes

• This employee received no injuries during this incident


Hand ProtectionHand Protection


When Must Hand Protection be When Must Hand Protection be Provided?Provided?

• Burns• Bruises• Abrasions• Cuts• Punctures• Fractures• Amputations• Chemical Exposures

When any of these are present:


Elimination or Control of Hazards

• Engineering Controls Machine guards

• Procedures Lock out/Tag out

• Housekeeping and Hygiene Poorly maintained

machinery, tools, sloppy work areas, and cluttered aisles all contribute to hand injuries


• Never wear gloves around powered

rotating equipment - drills, lathes, etc


What Kinds of Protective What Kinds of Protective Gloves are Available?Gloves are Available?

• Durable gloves made of metal mesh, leather, or canvasProtects from cuts, burns, heat

• Fabric and coated fabric glovesProtects from dirt and abrasion

• Chemical and liquid resistant glovesProtects from burns, irritation, and dermatitis

• Rubber glovesProtects from cuts, lacerations, and abrasions


Butyl provides the highest permeation resistance to gas or water vapors

Types of Rubber GlovesTypes of Rubber GlovesNitrile protects against solvents, harsh chemicals, fats and petroleum products and also provides excellent resistance to cuts and abrasions.


Kevlar protects against cuts, slashes, and abrasion

Stainless steel mesh protects against cuts and lacerations

Other Types of GlovesOther Types of Gloves


Types of Hand PPE• Gloves

Metal mesh gloves resist sharp edges and prevent

cuts

Leather gloves shield your hands from rough

surfaces

Vinyl and neoprene gloves protect your hands against toxic

chemicals

Rubber gloves protect you when working around

electricity


Types of Hand PPE• Gloves

Padded cloth gloves protect your hands from sharp

edges, slivers, dirt, and vibration Heat resistant gloves

protect your hands from heat and flames

Latex disposable gloves used to protect your hands from

germs and bacteriaLead-lined gloves

used to protect your hands from radiation sources


Types of Hand PPE• Forearm Cuffs

used to protect your forearm

• Thumb Guards and Finger Cots protect only your thumb or

fingers

• Mittens protect your hands while

working around very cold or hot materials

• Hand Pads Hand pads protect your

hands while working around very hot materials


Body ProtectionBody Protection


Major Causes of Body InjuriesMajor Causes of Body Injuries

• Intense heat• Splashes of hot metals and other hot liquids• Impacts from tools, machinery, and

materials• Cuts• Hazardous chemicals• Radiation


Body ProtectionBody ProtectionCriteria for SelectionCriteria for Selection

• Provide protective clothing for parts of the body exposed to possible injury

• Types of body protection: Vests Aprons Jackets Coveralls Full body suits

Coveralls


Cooling Vest Sleeves and Apron

Body ProtectionBody Protection

Full Body Suit


SummarySummary

• Assess the workplace for hazards

• Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE

• Select appropriate PPE to protect employees from hazards that cannot be eliminated

• Inform employees why the PPE is necessary, how and when it must be worn

• Train employees how to use and care for their PPE, including how to recognize deterioration and failure

• Require employees to wear selected PPE

Employers must implement a PPE program where they:

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