ppgis in natural resources management
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS)
for Natural Resources Management & Planning
Presented by
Arfanara [email protected]
l.ptMSc in Geospatial
Technologies
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Lets start……….
"As global population continues to grow, mankind must learn to balance consumption and conservation of the planet's scarce commodities. GIS technology brings a new perspective to the challenges faced by natural resource managers...“ Laura Lang
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Presentation OverviewNatural ResourcesWhat is PGISStudy aim & objectivesKnowledge Discovery
Brief history of PPGISReflection of NRM&PWhy PGIS in NRM&P?Approaches of good PGISMethods of PGIS in NRMSome negative aspects of PGIS
Case studiesDocumentaries & initiativesCritical reasoning & conclusionReferences
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Natural Resources
Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified natural form (Source,
Wikipedia)
NRM is the management of land, water, soil, plants & animals, with a particular focus on sustainability
Like energy, conservation of natural resources is equally important
Spatial based Information is the base for natural resource management & planning (NRM&P)
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
What is PGIS
PGIS combines a range of geo-spatial management tools and methods such as sketch maps, participatory 3D Modelling, aerial photographs, satellite imagery, GPS & GIS
It represents people’s spatial knowledge in the form of virtual or physical, 2 or 3 dimensional maps used as interactive vehicles for spatial learning, discussion, information exchange, analysis decision making & advocacy
(Rambaldi et al., 2006)Giving Voice to the Unspoken……..
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
NRM & PGIS
Agriculture and food securityEndangered speciesForestry and wildfireClean waterReclaiming brown fieldsDisaster planning and recoveryDeforestation
Identifying resources at risk
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Study Aim & Objectives
The aim of this study is to gain knowledge about the importance of GIS technology through people’s participation to ensure sustainable NRM & P
The specific objectives of this study are:Identify the importance of PGIS for natural resources managementReview knowhow about the PGIS tools & techniques for ensuring sustainable NRMIdentify the application of PGIS in the filed of NRM&P
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Knowledge Discovery
Brief history of PPGIS or PGISReflection of NRM&PWhy PGIS in NRM&P?Approaches of good PGISMethods of PGIS in NRMSome negative aspects of PGIS
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Brief history of PPGIS
Participatory map creation started at late 1980ssketch mapping using PRAUsing local knowledge to facilitate insider & outsiderLittle charting course of action to the local people
The status of mapping changed in the 90s due to flow of modern GI technologies
i.e. GIS, GPS, RS, Open sources (Internet) & web based GISAvailability of low cost and user friendly software & computer hardware
The new environment promote community involvement in GIT&S which is known as PGIS
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Reflection of NRM&P
NRM&P by considering land as 3 different but inter-related perspectives (bind a society together, the societal values, the economy & ecology)Bridges the gap between them by which resources could be carefully utilised for the benefits of the present & the future generations
The Trintarian Approach to NRM
(Latu, 2009).
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Why PGIS in NRM
Ensuring good governance & sustainable resources management
to enable development practitioners, government officials & local level people to work together to plan appropriate programs
Ensure community-based natural resource management (CBNRM)
structural knowledge distortion & community empowerment
Sustainable NRM &
Development
Good Governance
PGIS
3 x-cutting view of PPGIS
1 Public
(Grass root GIS)
3 GIS (new
technology GIS)
2 Participati
on (Collaborative process of
GIS)
Source: Tim Nyerges 2007
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Approaches of good PGIS
ConceptualUnderstanding the local political context, culture, people & problemsDefining good practice (including communities’ empowerment)data models to address natural resources & ownership rights
PracticalNetworking to share experiences & to help practitioners
InstitutionalInstitutionalizing PGIS at various levels & in different contexts Influencing policy making
FinancialResources
TechnicalTraining & need for expertise
(Rambaldi and Weiner, 2004)
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Methods of PPGIS in NRM
Ephemeral (temporary) mapsdrawing maps on the ground by using raw materials like soil, pebbles, sticks
Sketch Mappinglarge sheets of Kraft paper & marker pens or chalk
Scale MappingISK superimposed on a geo-coded & scaled map
PGIS spatial Analysislocal spatially referenced & non spatial data are integrated & analyzed
Participatory 3-Dimentioanal Mapping (P3DM)large-scale relief maps made of locally available materials (e.g. carton, paper, cork)
PhotomapsPhotomaps are printouts of geometrically corrected aerial photographs
Mobile devices (PDA-GPS)pinpoint positioning and instant visual data capture
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Negative aspects of PGIS
According to Dr. Robert Chambers who elaborates on PGIS practice,
Need to learn many things that are wrong with respect to PRA and avoid thatTaking peoples time without any recompenseRaising people's expectation & endangering or disempowering themConflict within or between a group or community through PGISEthical commitment of the facilitators
Sources: http://www.iapad.org/chambers.htm
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Case studies1. Reducing the Risk of Disasters through
Participatory 3D Mapping, Philippine
2. Arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh: spatial mitigation planning with GIS & public participation
3. Application of PGIS for Rural Community Development & Local Level Spatial Planning System in Sri Lanka
4. An analysis of the relationships between multiple values & physical landscapes at a regional scale using public participation GIS and landscape character classification
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Reducing the Risk of Disasters through P3DM
Steps of P3DM (as an Integrative tool for DRR)
Source: http://www.iapad.org/publications/ppgis/
http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/documents/6667.html
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
P3DM for DRR
Materials uses are push-pins (for point features, yarns (for linear features), acrylic paint (for areal features), glue, scissors, cutter, pencils, felt pens, masking tape, paintbrushes, carbon paper , wood and plywood for the table, corrugated cartons, etc.
building of a 2.74 m x 2.74 m 3-dimensional map covering the whole village of Macawayan with a land area of 333.33 ha.
Overlapping hazard-prone areas & vulnerable assets allows people to mitigate disaster risk in their immediate environment
Resulted in concerted actions including both bottom-up and top-down measures to enhance DRR
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Assessment, Dialogue & Action
Easy-to-update disaster risk assessment in Dagupan, Philippines, in July 2009
Volcanologist, municipal planning
officer, school principal, village chief and locals discussing
DRR in Irosin, Philippines, Jan. 2010
DRR planning inMasantol, Philippines,
in August 2009
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh: Spatial Mitigation Planing with GIS
& public participation
Selected focus-groups for group
discussion
Spatial deep tubewell planning with PPGIS techniques
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Participatory views on Map of spatial deep tube-well planning
Results after PGIS
Transforming participatory views of spatial deep tube-well planning into a GIS.
the focus-group participants considered different parameters for deep tubewell planningThey drew maps (participatory sketching) for the locations of deep tubewells with their buffer zones (300 m)Transforming the mental maps into a GIS shows a number of overlapping & unserved settlement areasone deep tubewell for each 350 people, generally who live within a buffer distance of 300 m were considered for the planning
Composite mental mapping and expert views of spatial deep tube-well planning
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Application of PGIS for RCD & LLSP System in Sri Lanka
Pursuing social goals through PGIS
Employing a Participatory Approach in applying Geo-Information to Spatial Planning
Development of regional GII for the State, INGO, NGO, or any other development practitioners
This can be used as a village plan & the livelihood activities
Bottom-up planning process
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Resource mapping
Village boundary, distribution of road network, housing units, water streams etc. are drawn by the community on the ground
Bottom-up planning process
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Relationships between multiple values & physical landscapes using
PPGIS
To prepare the spatial data for analysis intersected the 8 PPGIS landscape values with the 6 NZLC landscape components
(landform, land cover, dominant land cover, water, water view & infrastructure)
& landscape classes.
Map of study area Otago and Southland region in New Zealand that includes the Otago and Southland regions. Mapped
landscape values (n ≈ 9000) appear in the study region as points.
Steps of PPGIS
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Mapping Social Landscapes
In New Zealand the residents & visitors identified the locations of different landscape values (e.g., aesthetic, recreation, economic, ecological, social, historical, & wilderness values) in two regions on the South IslandThe landscape values mapped in the process are perceptual, but grounded in local knowledge & human experience. They analyzed the relationships between these perceived values & physical landscape features–where human geography meets physical geography.
From the empirical landscape value/feature relationships, they generated (extrapolated) social
landscape value maps for the entire country of New Zealand (Browna and
Brabynb, 2012)
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Documentaries PPGIS/PGIS
2. Participatory 3D Modelling the Future in Boe Boe Community, Solomon Islands
http://www.iapad.org/video_good-practice.htm
1. Localisation, Participation and Communication: an Introduction to Good PGIS Practice
https://vimeo.com/groups/23214/videos/32145985
Source: www.iapad.org
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Initiatives.....
The donor agencies need to understand PGIS & required not too much, fast & bigger scale
Understanding the importance of training & not trying to rush training
Training to the communities as well as the training facilitators
Embedding of a whole set of questionsWho gains & who loses
Whose model or map is it & who keeps it
Whose legend on the map
Who is empowered and who is disempowered
Regional Level Computer based Information System should be established in the local administrative office with GIS technology for project planning & monitoring(Source: Dr. Robert Chambers)
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Critical reasoning & Conclusion
A PPGIS would meet ‘its claims’ as a tool for good practice only when it can meet accountability, legitimacy, ownership, equity & competencewe need integrated approaches as we are the world & it is not too late to do something for us allTo make people informed in decision making process public participatory GIS & techniques are suitable tools for sustainable resources managementIt helps to empowering the local community & awareness raising
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
References…B.A.U.I.KUMARA. 2008. Application of Participatory GIS for Rural Community Development and Local Level Spatial Planning System in Sri Lanka.
BROWNA, G. & BRABYNB, L. 2012. An analysis of the relationships between multiple values and physical landscapes at a regional scale using public participation GIS and landscape character classification. Landscape and Urban Planning.
CHAMBERS, D. R. Dr. Robert Chambers elaborates on Participatory GIS (PGIS) practice. Available from: http://www.iapad.org/chambers.htm [Accessed 15 th December 2012].
GAILLARD, J., CADAG, J. R. D., FELLIZAR-CAGAY, M., FRANCISCO, A. & GLIPO, A. 2011. Reducing the Risk of Disasters through Participatory 3-Dimensional Mapping in Irosin, Philippine. Philippines: Center for Disaster Preparedness, Philippines.
HASSAN, M. M. 2005. Arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh: Spatial Mitigation Planning with GIS and Public Participation. Health Policy, , 74, 247-260.
LANG, L. 2003. Managing Natural Resources with GIS. New York Street, Redlands, California: ESRI.
Rambaldi, G., & Weiner, D. (2004). Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Public Participation GIS, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
RAMBALDI, G., MCCALL, M., KYEM, P. A. K. & WEINER, D. 2006. Participatory Spatial Information Management and Communication in Developing Countries Electronic Journal on Information System in Developing Countries (EJISDC), 25, 1-9.
https://vimeo.com/ctavideo/p3dm-ovalau
MSc in Geospatial Technologies
Thank you all……
I want to be alive…..