PPQ: Using examples, describe the variations between 'core' and 'periphery' nations. (6 marks)

Friedmann's Stages of Growth Model

STAGE 1: When towns/regions are developing independently with very minimal contact between them - possibly some basic trading of goods.

STAGE 2: One town or region becomes dominant, probably because it has more physical or human resources. The core starts attracting people and investment from other regions.

STAGE 3: New smaller cores (semi-periphery) start to develop and there is an increase in flows between the core and the semi-periphery (two ways flows e.g. FDI)

STAGE 4: All areas are now developed and fully dependent upon each other with flows of capital and people in both directions

The theory states that as prosperity grows, the majority of the wealth is enjoyed by a core of the population.

Furthermore, even though the periphery has a greater population, it is the countries with the strongest economic system that holds the strongest government.

CORE: Assumes that the core focuses on high skilled capital intensive jobs and industries.SEMI-PERIPHERY and PERIPHERY: Assumes that these areas focus on more low skilled labour intensive industries and jobs.

Areas that are closer together are more likely to interact, where as areas further away are less likely to interact with each other.

Frictional effect of distance (distance decay)

To what extent do you think this is true?

Learning objectives: To be able to explain how a reduction in the friction of distance results in time–space convergence

Changing space – the shrinking world

Look at all of the resources in the room in turn

Complete the sheet next to them. You need to have a new idea each time

Instructions

The reduction in the time taken to travel between two places due to improvements in transportation or communication technology

Time space convergence

Require technologies that overcome the frictional effect of distance and time.

Enabling technologies – transport and communications. These allow developments in trade to occur.

TNCs

before 19th century these occurred at the same time.

Electricity broke the link between the two.

Developments have led to unprecedented mobility of goods and materials – GLOBALISATION

Transport and communications