pprt prevention des risques et lutte contre les pollutions safe communities & a sustainable...

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PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS

Safe Communities & a Sustainable Hazaedous Industry : Present and

Future

Discussion

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Purpose and Contents of Safety Report

Demonstrating that major accidents hazards have been identified and that the necessary measures have been taken to prevent such accidents and to limit their consequences for persons and the environment.

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Minimum Information to be included in a Safety Report_______________

Identification and accidental risk analysis and prevention methods:

detailed description of the possible major accident scenarios

and their probability -----------

Bang!

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Minimum Information to be included in a Safety Report_______________________

Identification and accidental risk analysis and prevention methods:

• 4(b) assessment of the extent and severity of the consequences of identified major accidents

(R2P2 p76)

PopulationTankABC Chem

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ALARP in COMAH_____

All Measures Necessary (AMN) = SFAIRP = ALARP

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Existing Guidance____________

HSE has produced a suite of guidance documents concerning ALARP. These are designed to give high level principles.

* Annex 3 of R2P2 reflects the ALARP guidance

** e.g. the concept of 'hypothetical person' set out in R2P2 is adopted in the ALARP guidance

Informationto Stakeholders

legal commentary+ policy'R2P2'

'ALARPPrinciples and

Guidelines'

'GoodPractice' 'Design'

D/Ds'Guidance

HSE's expectation/enforcement policy

HSE's expectatione.g. TOR framework, primacy of Good Practice, tolerability criteria

informs*

informs**

Guidance to Staff

Relationship between R2P2 and the ALARP Suite

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HSE framework for the tolerability HSE framework for the tolerability of riskof risk

Unacceptable Region

Tolerable Region

Broadly Acceptable Region

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ALARP Demonstration____

“Reducing Risks, Protecting People”

“…. suitable controls must be in place to address all significant hazards …. and those controls, at a minimum, must implement authoritative good practice irrespective of situation-based risk estimates ….”

“authoritative good practice” = prescriptive legislation, ACOPs, guidance produced by government

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ALARP Demonstration_______

“Reducing Risks, Protecting People”

“… both individual risks and societal concerns …. must be taken into account in deciding whether a risk is unacceptable, tolerable or broadly acceptable …”

“individual risks also give rise to societal concerns and the latter often play a far greater role in deciding whether risk is unacceptable or not.”

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ALARP Principle____________

Measures to reduce risk must be taken until the risk is broadly acceptable (BA) or until the cost of further risk reduction would be grossly disproportionate (GD) to the reduction in risk that would beachieved.

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Principles guidance____________

“We believe it is right that, in all cases, the judgment as to whether measures are grossly disproportionate should reflect societal risk, that is to say, large numbers of people (employees or the public) being killed at one go.”

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ALARP Diagram

Unacceptable region

Level of risk cannot be justified except in extraordinary circumstances.________________________________________________________

Tolerable region If the risks fall in this region then a CASE SPECIFIC ALARP

demonstration is required. The extent of the demonstration should be proportionate to the level of risk.__________________________________________________________

Broadly acceptable regionLevel of residual risk is regarded as insignificant and further effort to reduce risk not likely to be required. ALARP demonstration based upon adherence to codes, standards and established good practice. These must be shown to be up to date and relevant to the operations in question.

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Case Specific ALARP demonstration____________

Operator has to answer the following fundamental question:

What more can I do to reduce the risks”?

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Case Specific ALARP demonstration____________

Also:

“Why have I not done it?”

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If the measure appears reasonable and it cannot be shown that the cost of the measure is grossly disproportionate to the benefit to be gained, then the Operator is duty bound to implement that measure

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Proportionate Risk Assessment

The depth of the analysis in the operators report should be proportionate to:

a) the nature and scale of the MAHs

b) the risks posed to neighbouring populations

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BLEVEBLEVE

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Risk estimation____________

Selection of a representative set of events

Estimation of consequences and frequency for each event

Ranking and screening (eg risk matrix, fn curves)

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Risk Matrix (Illustrative)

Single Fatality 2-10 Fatalities 11-50 Fatalities 50-100 Fatalities 100+ Fatalities

Remote

10-6-10-8

Very Unlikely

10-6-10-4

Unlikely

10-4-10-2

Likely >10-2 Intolerable Intolerable Intolerable Intolerable

IntolerableIntolerableIntolerable

Broadly Acceptable

Intolerable

Broadly Acceptable

TIFALARP

(Intolerable if Fatality >10-3)

TIFALARP/

Intolerable

TIFALARP

TIFALARP/

Broadly Acceptable?

TIFALARP

Intolerable

TIFALARP(

(Intolerable if Fatality >10-3)

TIFALARP

TIFALARP

TIFALARP/

Intolerable

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ALARP Demonstration______

But the higher the installation lies on the societal concerns scale the greater the need to look for additional measures, over and above the normal standards.How to approach?• 1. Identify risk reduction measures.• 2. Assess using Lines Of Defence

analysis with cost estimates • 3. Possibly, in extreme cases, add a Cost

Benefit Analysis.

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Proportionality: Type of ALARP Demo

Broadly Acceptable

Intolerable

Risk reduction

regardless of cost

Relevant GoodPractice

Relevant Good Practice

Risk reduction Measures

GrossDisproportion

Plus

Plus

Tolerable if ALARP

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Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis_______________

Would being more thorough be worthwhile?

Uncertainties in models, data,

methodology.

Cautious best-estimate basis.

Adopt Precautionary Approach

p89 91R2P2

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Purpose of SR is to demonstrate AMNs (ALARP) from an activity (`risk from what`)_____________

Four combinations (`risk of what` and `risk to what`):

1 IR to those on-site

2 IR to those off-site

3 SR to those on-site

4 SR to those off-site

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`So what`

If all the risks are BA then compliance with good practice demonstrates ALARP

Otherwise the events that contribute significantly to the risks need to be identified, risk reduction options compiled,and appropriate decision aids used(eg LOPA for simple casesCBA for more difficult ones)

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If AMNs are in place for each

major accident scenario then

there is nothing more that can be

done.

`Explicit` detailed quantification of

risks is not necessary unless the

proportionality is high

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Questions?

pprt prevention des risques et lutte contre les pollutions safe communities & a sustainable...

Documents

alarp slide

alarp suite slide

pollutions alarp demonstration

prevention methods

pollutions alarp principle

pollutions principles

alarp guidance information

pollutions existing