ppt apd
TRANSCRIPT
ACID PEPTIC DISEASES
A peptic ulcer is an excavation
(hollowed out area) that forms in the
mucosal wall of the stomach, in the
pylorus,the duodenum or in the
esophagus resulting from the erosion
of a circumscribed area of mucus
membrane
DEFINITION
H PYLORI INFECTION
DRUGS
DIET
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTERS
ETIOLOGY AND RISKFACTORS
AGE
SEX
GENETICS
PSYCOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL SRESS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
ETIOLOGY AND RISKFACTORS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Abdominal pain, classically epigastric related with meal time
Nausea and Vomiting Pyrosis Bloating and abdominal fullness Water brash Loss of appetite and weight loss Hematemesis melena
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
HEMORRHAGE
PERFORATION
GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION
COMPLICATIONS
CONSERVATIVE THERAPY
ADEQUATE BED REST
BLAND DIET
CESSATION OF SMOKING
SRESS REDUCTION
COLLABORATIVE THERAPY
1. H2 Receptor blockers
2. Proton pumb inhibitor
3. Anticholinergics
4. Antibiotic for H pylori
5. Antacids
DRUG THERAPY
Antacids
Single substance Aluminum carbonate Aluminum phosphate Calcium carbonate Magnesium hydroxide Sodium bicarbonate
Drug therapy
Antacids
Mixtures of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium salts
Gelusil Maalox Aludrox
Antacids
Mixtures of calcium carbonate and aluminum and magnesium hydroxide
Camalox Ducon
Mixtures of calcium carbonate,magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide
Alkets
CYTOPROTECTIVE DRUGS
Sucralfate Bismuthsubsalicylate
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS Imipramine doxepine
DRUG THERAPY
Keep the patient in NPO status
Nasogastric suction
adequate rest
cessation of smoking
IV fluid replacement
Drug therapy
Treatment of acute exacerbation without complication
Intractability:Failure of the ulcer to heal or recurrence of the ulcer after therapy
History of hemorrhage or increased risk of bleeding during treatment
Prepyloric or pyloric ulcers (both have high recurrence rate)
Indications for surgery
Concurrent conditions such as severe burns, trauma or sepsis
Multiple ulcer sites
Drug induced ulcers
Possible existence of a malignant ulcer
obstruction
Indications for surgery
Vagotomy
Truncal vagotomy Selective vagotomy Proximal vagotomy
pyloroplasty
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
GASTROENTEROSTOMY
ANTRECTOMY
BILLROTH I/ GASRODUODINOSTOMY
BILLROTH II/ GASTROJEJUNOSTOMY
SURGICALMANAGEMENT
NPO
GASTRIC DECOMPRESSION
BED REST
FLUID REPLACEMENT
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS
ANALGESICS
STOMACH LAVAGE
BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS
TREATMENT OF COMPLICATION
SURGICAL THERAPY
Perfortion : simple closure with omentum graft
Gastric outlet obstruction:pyloroplasty and vagotomy
Ulcer removal or reduction: bilroth I and ll, vagotomy, pyloroplasty
TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS
Marginal ulcers
Hemorrhage
Dumping syndrome
Post prandial hypoglycaemia
POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Bie reflux gastritis
Gastrojejunocoic fistula
Pyloric obstruction
Nutritional problems
POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Purposes:
To slow the rapid passage of food in to the intestine
To control symptoms of the Dumping syndrome
Promote rebuilding of body tissue and to meet energy needs
Nutritional therapy after surgey
Diet principle
Meals are divided in to six small feedings
eliminate drinking fluid with meals, fluid should be taken between meals.
The diet should consist of small dry feedings daily that are low in carbohydrate, are restricted in refined sugars
Diet principle
Protein and fats are increased to promote rebuilding of tissues and to meet energy needs
Plan rest periods of at least 30 minutes after each meal, preferably in recumbent position.
Diet principle
Nursing diagnoses
Acute pain related to increased gastric secretions, decreased mucosal protection, and ingestion of gastric irritants as manifested by burning cramp like pain in epigastrium and abdomen.
Nursing management
Nausea related to exacerbation of disease process as manifested by episodes of nausea and vomiting
Ineffective therapeutic regimen management related to lack of knowledge of long term management
of peptic ulcer disease and consequences of not following treatment plan and un willingness to
modify lifestyle
Potential complication for hemorrhage secondary to eroded mucosal tissue
potential complication for perforation of GI mucosa secondary to impaired mucosal tissue integrity
Risk for injury, post operative complications (immediate and delayed) related to bleeding, distention and atelectasis.
Altered nutrition less than body requirement related to decreased nutrient absorption secondary to dumping syndrome
Post operative nursing diagnosis
Thank you…