ppt chapter 17
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TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 17
Hygiene
Chapter 17
Hygiene
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• Hygiene: practices that promote health through personal cleanliness
• Activities that foster hygiene
– Bathing; cleaning and maintaining fingernails and toenails
– Performing oral care
– Shampooing and grooming hair
– Maintaining hearing aids and eyeglasses
Hygiene Hygiene
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Integumentary System ComponentsIntegumentary System Components
• Skin
• Mucous membrane
• Hair
• Fingernails, toenails
• Teeth
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• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous layer
SkinSkin
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Cross-Section of the SkinCross-Section of the Skin
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• Line body passages such as the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems
• Mucous membrane also lines the conjunctiva of the eye
• Goblet cells in the mucous membranes secrete mucus, a slimy substance that keeps the membranes soft and moist
Mucous MembraneMucous Membrane
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• Made up of keratin
• Forms from cells at the base of a single follicle
• Helps to prevent heat loss
• Sebaceous glands in the hair follicles release sebum, an oily secretion
HairHair
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• Fingernails and toenails are made of keratin, which in concentrated amounts gives them their tough texture
• Normal nails are thin, pink, and smooth
• Fingernails and toenails provide some protection to the digits
NailsNails
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• Present beneath the gums at birth
• Contain the outer covering, enamel, a keratin structure
• Exposed portion of each tooth: crown
• Portion within the gum: root
• Adults: 28 to 32 permanent teeth
• Saliva: keeps the teeth clean and inhibits bacterial growth
TeethTeeth
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• Sugar, plaque, and bacteria may eventually erode the tooth enamel, causing caries
• Tartar leads to gingivitis while gum inflammation may cause periodontal disease
Common Dental ProblemsCommon Dental Problems
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BathingBathing
• Uses a cleansing agent such as soap and water to remove sweat, oil, dirt, and microorganisms from the skin
• Advantages of bathing
– Eliminates body odor; reduces the potential for infection
– Stimulates circulation; provides a refreshed and relaxed feeling; improves self-image
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Types of BathingTypes of Bathing
• Partial bathing
• Bed bath
– Towel bath
– Bag bath
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QuestionQuestion
•Is the following statement true or false?
Partial bathing is most common in young adults.
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AnswerAnswer
False.
Partial bathing is most common in older clients.
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Advantages of Bed BathAdvantages of Bed Bath
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Giving a Towel BathGiving a Towel Bath
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QuestionQuestion
•Is the following statement true or false?
Towel bath is very expensive.
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AnswerAnswer
False.
Towel bath saves expense.
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ShavingShaving
• Removes unwanted body hair
• Accomplished with an electric or a safety razor
• The use of safety razor may not be possible in the following situations:
– If the client has a face injury
– If the client cannot shave
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Shaving a Client’s FaceShaving a Client’s Face
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Oral HygieneOral Hygiene
• Brushing and flossing the teeth
• Dentures and bridges require special cleaning and care
• Oral hygiene in unconscious clients
– Prevents aspiration of oral hygiene products and water
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Advantages of Electric ToothbrushesAdvantages of Electric Toothbrushes
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QuestionQuestion
•Is the following statement true or false?
Dentures are best washed with hot water.
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AnswerAnswer
False.
Dentures are best washed with cold or tepid water.
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Hair CareHair Care
• Apply a conditioner to loosen tangles
• Use oil on the hair if it is dry
• Braid the hair to help prevent tangles
• Brush the hair slowly to increase circulation of sebum
• Use a wide-toothed comb, combing from end to crown
• Use shampoo to clean hair
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Nail CareNail Care
• Keeping the fingernails and toenails clean and trimmed
• Nail care should be provided with extreme caution for the following clients:
– Clients with diabetes
– Clients with impaired circulation
– Client with thick nails
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QuestionQuestion
•Is the following statement true or false?
Applying alcohol to tangled hair helps remove the tangles.
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AnswerAnswer
True.
Applying alcohol to tangled hair helps remove the tangles.
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Visual and Hearing DevicesVisual and Hearing Devices
• Eyeglasses and hearing aids improve communication and socialization
– Eyeglasses
– Contact lenses
– Artificial eyes
– Hearing aids
– Infrared listening devices
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Types of Contact LensesTypes of Contact Lenses
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Examples of Hearing AidsExamples of Hearing Aids
• In the ear
• Behind the ear
• Remote controlled
(Refer to Figure 17-10 in the textbook.)
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QuestionQuestion
•Is the following statement true or false?
Infrared listening devices (IRLDs) are used by clients with hearing impairment to hear sounds outdoors.
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AnswerAnswer
False.
IRLDs cannot be used outdoors or in rooms that contain many windows or in well-lit rooms.
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General Gerontologic ConsiderationsGeneral Gerontologic Considerations
• Poor hygiene and grooming in older adults: signs of visual impairments, functional changes, dementia, depression, abuse, or neglect
• Older adults do not need to bathe as frequently as younger adults
• Use mild, superfatted, nonperfumed soap
• Oils are not used in showers or bathtubs due to increased risk for falls
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General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d)
General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d)
• For older adults with limited range of motion or mobility, provide:
– Long-handled bath sponges or hand-held shower attachments
– Nonskid strips on the floor of bathtubs
– Showers with strategically placed handles and grab bars; a tub/shower seat
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General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d)
General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d)
• Due to increased susceptibility to dry skin, tears and scratches:
– Avoid skin care products containing alcohol, perfumes that aggravate dry skin
– Nails: keep trimmed and smooth
– Feet: regularly inspect condition
• Modify clothing to promote independence
• Tooth loss: periodontal disease
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QuestionQuestion
•Is the following statement true or false?
Older adults need to bathe frequently because they perspire a lot.
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AnswerAnswer
False.
Older adults do not need to bathe frequently because they have diminished perspiration and sebum production.