ppt - ecology
TRANSCRIPT
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TROPHIC LEVELS OF ECOSYSTEM WITH ENERGY FLOW AND CHEMICAL CYCLING
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ARUNDHATI PAULDepartment of Biotechnology
SUBJECT- ECOLOGY
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ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMCommunity of living and non-living thatinteract with each others in a given areawithin environment.
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Trophic Levels of Ecosystem
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WHAT IS TROPHIC LEVEL ?
Trophic levels are the feeding levels or positions in a food chain or a food web , from where organisms obtain
their energy.
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Basic Classification Of Trophic Levels
Trophic Levels
AUTOTROPHIC PRODUCERS
HETEROTROPHIC
CONSUMERS
DECOMPOSERS
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PRODUCERS – THE AUTOTROPH
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Classifications among Consumers
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Different consumers
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There is also another classification among Consumers , these are -
HERBIVORES CARNIVORES OMNIVORES
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DECOMPOSERS / DETRITIVORES
FUNGI ROD SHAPED AND SPHERICAL BACTERIA
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TROPHIC STRUCTURE
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FOOD CHAINA Food Chain is a linear network of links in each Trophic levels starting from producer organisms and ending at apex predator species , detritivores or decomposer species.
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FOOD WEB
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A TYPICAL FOOD WEB
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ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID
An Ecological Pyramid is an illustration of the bio-productivity as well as the reduction of energy at each trophic level of ecosystem.
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Pyramid of Number
MICRO-ORGANISMS OR PARASITES
BIRDST
REE
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Pyramid of Biomass
WOLF10 Kg/m2/yr
GRASS1000
Kg/m2/yr
SHARKS
ZOOPLANKTONS & FISHES
PHYTOPLANKTON
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Pyramid of Energy
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Energy, Mass and Trophic Levels
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Energy and other limiting factors control primary production in ecosystems
These production is done by the Producers or by the autotrophs.
And for this initial production there in the ecosystem has a dynamical role of energy and nutrients.
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Ecosystem Energy BudgetsThe Global Energy BudgetEarth’s primary producers create about 150
billion metric tons (1.50 x 10^14 kg) of organic material each year.
Primary ProductivityGross and Net Production GPP (Gross Primary Production) NPP (Net Primary Production) NEP (Net Ecosystem Production)Secondary Productivity
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DETERMINING THE PRIMARY PRODUCTION
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Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient.
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PRODUCTION EFFICIENCYTHE PERCENTAGE OF ENERGY STORED IN ASSIMILATED FOOD THAT IS NOT USED FOR RESPIRATION.
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BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING
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WATER CYCLE
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Carbon cycle
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PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE
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NITROGEN CYCLE
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THANK YOU
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