Presentation on seminar topicat

Construction process of commercial building

SUBMITTED TO:-PRIYANKA PANDAYA.K. MATHUR

PERSENTED BY :-LOKESH KUMAR MEENA

Final year (Civil)

•CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF COMMERCIAL MULTISTORY BUILDING:EXCAVATIONFOUNDATIONCOLUMNCOLUMN FOOTINGBEAMSLABSALIENT FEATURES

EXCAVATIONExcavation is the process by which a part of land is

cleared for the construction process after the surveying

work has been done. It can be done on the ground level

or below the ground level or below the ground level

surface by means of machines like excavators,

bulldozers and sometimes blasting process is also

carried out wherever hard rock is formed.

Excavation

Particular hazards identified in relation to excavation work include:•The depth of excavation•The presence of water•Exposure to wet weather•Vibration which may increase the potential to collapse

•The presence of existing underground services

•Chemical gases

PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE

Plain Cement Concrete is a mixture of sand, coarse aggregate, and cement. It is used below the footings of any constructional structure, to make the structure stronger and to resist designed load. The main function of PCC is not to allow ground water to enter the footings.

FOUNDATION :It is that part of a structure which transmits the

weight of the structure to the ground.

The foundation should be designed such that :

the soil below does not fail in shear.The settlement is within the safe limit.

Foundation may be broadly classified into two categories:

1.Shallow foundations2.Pile foundations

SHALLOW

FOUNDATIONS: a shallow foundation transmits the loads to the strata at a shallow depth. If it is laid at a depth equal to or less than its width . Than we consider shallow foundation.

Types of shallow foundation:

•strip foundation•Isolated foundation•Combined foundation•Strap or cantilever foundation•Raft foundation

PILE FOUNDATION:The ground surface is not capable of supporting a structure , deep foundation are required to transfer the loads to strata.

COLUMN

A column is an element used primarily to support axial compressive loads and with a height of at least three times its least lateral Dimension. the strength of a column depends on the strength of the materials, shape and size of the cross section, length and the degree of positional and directional restrains and its ends.

TYPES OF COLUMN

SQUARE COLUMNCIRCULAR COLUMN

RECTANGULAR COLUMN

SQUARE COLUMN

CIRCULAR COLUMN

RECTANGULAR COLUMN

COLUMN FOOTING

The structural unit constructed in masonry or concrete under the base of a wall or a column which distributes the structure load over a large area of ground.

ISOLATED COLUMN FOOTING

BEAMS

Beams are horizontal structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending.

TYPES OF BEAMS

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMCANTILEVER BEAMT BEAM

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

CANTILEVER BEAM

T BEAM

SLAB

Slabs are the structural elements usedto cover the open space. They usuallycarry a uniformly distributed load andform the floor or roof of the building.

TYPES OF SLABS

ONE WAY SLABTWO WAY SLAB

Long span/short span >2One way slab

Two –way slabs

Long span/short span < 2

SALIENT FEATURES

CONCRETE GRADE: M20STEEL GRADE:FE-500 ISBARS ARE USED IN COLUMN:

CIRCULAR COLUMN: 32MMRACTANGULAR COLUMN:25MMBARS USED IN BEAM:32MMBARS USED IN SLAB:16MMMORTAR RATIO:1:1½:3SPACING OF BAR IN SLAB:10MM,8MM