SOLAR STREET LIGHTING

BY

SUBHANKAR DASH(1241019177)

NISHA KUMARI(1241013049)SIDDHARTH S.PATI(1241013256)

KUMAR SANKET(1241013253)

In world now the energy demand increases rapidly.

So to fulfilling energy demands more fossil fuels are used which will be extinguish if they are used at such a rate.

So renewable energy are need to be used more and more as they are freely available and also adequate.

Also uses of greener power reduces pollution and global warming.

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVE:

To Compensate the growing energy demand by using Renewable energy source as solar .

To light the streets of rural areas with transmission lines as well as solar power where there is so many power cuts occurs.

Low power consumption, Longitivity, Reliability our product .

Low maintenance.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

In the street lighting we have the charge controller circuit which is charged the battery in the day time by solar panel and by conventional power at night.

This switching between conventional and solar occurs through the relaying action.

The relaying action is done by two NOT logic operated transistor through LDR .

Photoconductive device LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) whose resistance changes proportional to the extent of illumination, which switches ON or OFF the LED during day and night and also Dusk to Dawn operation is done.

LAYOUT:

MAIN COMPONENTS USED:

The main components used in our project are as following:

SOLAR PANELPOWER CIRCUITBATTERYLDRLED ASSEMBLY

SOLAR PANEL:

Solar modules use light energy (photons) from the sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect.

In this project we are using a solar panel of 20watt which can give voltage upto 21.5v and having maximum current of 1.29 amp.

DETERMINATION OF RATING OF SOLAR PANEL

Here We are using LED assembly of 16 watt

The operating time was designed 2hrs/day.

So accordingly rating of the panel is designed. Here 32watt-hr energy is required by load.

Panel Watt-Peak Required= Watt-hour needed per day/Global Solar Radiation (Equivalent Hours)

Panel Watt- Peak required=32/5 =6.4 Watt(peak) :Considering Global solar radiation for 5hours

Panel Watt-Peak required after considering the efficiency of the system and the module = Calculated Peak-Watt required/Total system efficiency*PV performance efficiency

= 6.4/(0.7*0.7) = 13.06 Watt(peak) = 14 Watt(peak) approx.

Considering total system efficiency = 70% and PV Performance efficiency = 70%

BATTERY:It works as a storage

unit. solar and conventional sources charge the battery through charge controller circuit.

We are using here 12v,7Ah battery.

DETERMINATION OF RATING OF BATTERY: The selection of battery depends on two

factors: Depth of discharge of battery (DOD). System voltage In solar PV, the deep discharge batteries are

used with DOD in the range of 60% and considering 12v systems for this calculation.

Battery Capacity(Ah) = Daily load(Total Watt-hour per day) / Nominal battery

voltage

Battery Capacity = 32/12 = 2.67Ah

Actual battery capacity required = Calculated battery capacity/ % of depth of discharge*Battery efficiency

=2.67 / (0.6*0.85) =5.23 Ah = 6 Ah(approx.)

LDR(LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR):

Photo resistors are light sensitive resistors whose resistance decreases as the intensity of light they are exposed to increases.

LED(LIGHT EMITTING DIODE): LEDs have more lifespan than CFL

lamps. They consume less energy. Unlike conventional lamps they can be

recycled. Less Maintenance & less heat

generation.

CIRCUITARIES:Here four circuits are used with proper

functioning.CHARGE CONTROLLER CIRCUITDUSK TO DAWN OPERATION CIRCUITSWITCHING CIRCUIT BETWEEN

CONVENTIONAL AND SOLARPOWER CIRCUIT

DUSK TO DAWN CIRCUIT:

CHARGE CONTROLLER CIRCUIT:

SWITCHING CIRCUIT:

POWER CIRCUIT:

VARIOUS IMPACTS:

Impact of engineering solution in economic contextDuring the entire course of completion of the project, we have

always kept in mind the price constraint. We have succeeded in designing a project that is affordable and such that the cost of the product is justified by its fair performance. Hence, we can say that this project is economically effective.

Impact of engineering solution in environmental contextIn our project we have utilized the most convenient source of

energy that is the energy that is harnessed from the sun. The sun gives enormous amount of heat which is received by the solar panel and converts it into electrical energy. As we are using the renewable source of energy it does not cause any kind of pollution and it is very eco-friendly.

CNTD…

Impact of engineering solution in global contextThe undertaken project aims at customer satisfaction and hence

succeeds in fulfilling all the global aspects. The global impact of our project is positive as it ensures user safety and provides flexibility at the same time. It can be used anywhere and can be used by anyone i.e. can be used easily n in an effective and efficient way.

Impact of engineering solution in societal contextAssessing societal impacts requires both quantitative and

qualitative measurements of the impact of a proposed development. The basic idea behind this project revolves around the needs of its customer. The project has been designed for the benefits of the society. It helps in societal development as it requires low cost. Initially we need somewhat high cost but the maintenance is very low hence it benefits the society.

FINAL PRODUCT:

NEEDS OF IMPROVEMENTS:Here maximum power point tracking can be

used to fetch maximum power.Digital relay can be used to do precise and

accurate operation.Micro controller can be used for ease &

accurate operation.

ADVANTAGE:

Complete elimination of manpower.

Reduced energy costs

Reduced green house gas emission

Reduced maintenance cost

Higher community satisfaction

DISADVANTAGESChances of theft of solar panel in case of

rural areas so some security aspects are there.

High initial cost.

CONCLUSION:This project of ‘SOLAR STREET LIGHTING’ is a cost

effective , practical , eco friendly and the safest way to save energy.

It clearly tackles the two problems that world is facing today, saving of energy and also disposal of incandescent lamps, very efficiently.

According to statistical data we can save more electrical energy that is now consumed by the highways.

REFERENCE:The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems

by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson Education.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Boylestad.Sensors: Advancements in Modeling, Design

Issues, Fabrication and Practical by Subhas Chandra

Handbook of Modern Sensors: Physics, Designs, and Applications by Jacob Fraden.

www.ieeexporer.ieee.org, www.alldatasheets.com, www.wikipedia.com,www.vegakitindia.com

THANK YOU