AND MIXED CONDITIONALS

International ClassState Institute for Islamic Studies

Salatiga2012

Arfi Kurnia Arzieah Rosyada Idris BahtiarAmellia Anggraeni,

Will/WouldNormally, will/would and should cannot be used after if in conditional sentence. There are however, certain exceptions:

1. Will/would used, not in the future, but to mean am/was willing, don’t/didn’t mind can be placed after if.If you will/would is particularly useful in polite requests.ex: If you are willing to wait, I will ask the manager to speak to you. (please wait)

2. Would like and would care can be which are equivalents of want and wish can be used in type 1:-If you would like to come I’ll get a ticket for you.

3. Should + infinitive can be used in type 1 instead of a simple present when we wish to imply that the action in the if clause, though possible, is unlikely. It is often combined with an imperative:-If anyone should ring up say that I’ll be back at 8.

If replaced by even if, whether…or unless , but for, provide (that) and supposing, otherwise.

1. Even if = even thoughcompare:- You must go if you are ready- You must go even if you aren’t ready

2. whether…or = if…or-you must go tomorrow whether you are ready or not.

3.Unless + affirmative verb = if + negative verb-Unless you go, your father will be angry.(if you don’t go )

4. Otherwise= if this doesn’t happen/didn’t happen/hadn’t happened.-We must be back before midnight, otherwise we will be locked out.(if we are not back by midnight will be locked out)

5. But for = if it were not for/if it had not been for.-But for the storm we should have arrived earlier.

6. Provided(that) can replace if when there is a rather stronger idea of limitation or restriction. It is chiefly used with permission.-You may study with me provided you not to sleep.

7. Suppose can be used to express what will/would happen if? Or what would have happened if?:-Suppose that plane is late? = what will happen if it is late?

In CaseAn in case clause is normally placed after the main clause not before in. Note, however that in case of + noun = if there is a/an + noun :- In case of guests welcome them (if there are guests welcome them)

If onlya) If only + present tense/will expresses hope

- If only he comes in time (we hope he will come)

b) If only + past/past perfect expresses regret (it has the same meaning as wish + past or past perfect)- If only he didn’t drive so fast:

We wish he didn’t drive so fastWe are sorry he drives so fastc) If only + would can express regret about a present

action as an alternative to if only + past tense (it has the same meaning as wish + would)-if only he would drive more slowly. (we are sorry that he isn’t willing to drive more slowly)

If + past perfect , would ( n’t )+ verb-if I’d saved more, I would be rich. If + past simple, would (n’t) have+past

participle-if I was sensible I’d saved more If + past perfect, would(n’t) be + ing- If I hadn’t saved, I wouldn’t be going on

holiday If + past continues, would(n’t) + verb-if I was going on holiday soon, I would be

happy If + past simple, would (n’t ) be + ing-if I didn’t have savings, I wouldn’t be going to

holiday

We use mixed conditionals when the time in the if clause is different from the time in the result clause.

We can mix past time and present time to imagine-the present result of a hypothetical past situation or action:

past situation present resultIf I’d taken his advice , I’d own a small fortune now instead of a big debt.(= I didn’t take his advice so now I don’t own a small fortune)

-The past result of a hypothetical situation in the present:present situation past resultIf you got better with him, you might have listened to his suggestions.(= you don’t get on with your father so you didn’t listen to his suggestions)

We can mix past time and future time to imagine- The future result of a hypothetical past situation or action:past situation future resultIf I hadn’t broken my wrist, I’d be playing tennis later. (= I did break my wrist so I am not playing tennis later)

We can mix future time and present time to imagine.- The present result of hypothetical future situation or action:future situation present resultIf I was not meeting my manager later, I’d be at the conference now. (= I am meeting my manager later, so I’m not at the conference now)- The future result of hypothetical situation in the present:present situation future resultIf I was at home in America, I’d be seeing my mother tomorrow because it’s her birthday. (I am not at home in America so I won’t be seeing my mother tomorrow)

Thanks For Your aTTenTion(^_^)