ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Database Development Cycle
Track 3: Managing Information Using Database
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Objectives– Database planning
– System Definition
– Requirements collection and analysis
– Database design
– DBMS selection
– Application design
– Prototyping
– Implementation
– Data Conversion and loading
– Testing
– Operational Maintenance
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Database Planning
Systems Definition
Requirements Collectionand analysis
Database DesignDBMSSelection
ApplicationDesign
Implementation
Data Conversion and loading
Testing
Evaluation & Maintenance
Prototyping
Life Cycle
Source: http://www.cs/ucf.edu/courses/cgs2545/CH02/index.htm
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Database PlanningCurrent systems evaluation
Development of Standards
Technological feasability
Operational feasability
Economical feasability
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Requirements Collection and Analysis• identifying management information
requirements, • determining information requirements by
functional area,• and establishing hardware and software
requirements
Systems definitionData dictionary Metadata
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Database Design
Conceptual design
Logical design
Physical design
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DBMS Selection* Costs
* Features and Tools
* Underlying model
* Portability
* DBMS hardware requirements
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Application design
• Application program design
• User Interface design
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Prototyping
Develop theworking model
Build the prototype
Use and Testthe prototype
Review theprototype
Decision
Abandonapplication
ImplementApplication
RedevelopApplication
Begin newprototype
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Implementation
• The physical realisation of the database and application designs
• the detailed model is converted to the appropriate implementation model, the data dictionary is built, the database is populated, application programs are developed and users are trained
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Data Conversion and Loading & Testing
• Transferring any existing data into the new database and converting any existing applications to run on the new database
• Finding errors
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Database Evaluation
• Interviewing and polling users to determine whether any data needs are unmet.
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Operational maintenance• preventive maintenance (backup)
• corrective maintenance (recovery)1
• adaptive maintenance
• assignment of access
• regular monitoring & periodical check up
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Data & Database administration
• Data administration is the management of the data resources
• Database administration is the management of physical realisation of the database application
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Database design methodology
• A structured approach that uses procedures, techniques, tools, and documentation aids to support and facilitate the process of design.
* Conceptual database design
* Logical database design
* Physical database design
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Entity, Attribute, Relationship
Client
NameAddressPostcode
Passport
Passport NoExp.Data
Itinerary
DateCityContact
EntityAttribute
Relationship
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Conceptual Design Phase
DATA
TOP-DOWN
BOTTOM-UP
Identify Entities
Identify Relationships
Identify Attributes
Identify Relationships
Identify Dependencies
Collect Data
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Basic relationships
•One-to-One
•One-to-many
•Many to many
HUSBAND WIFEis married to
is married to
TRACK PARTICIPANTSbelongs to
has
Trackis helds in
holds
Trainer
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Logical design phase
1. REFINE THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL
ConceptualE.A.R Model
Refined Conceptual Model
2.APPLY THE RULES OF NORMALIZATION
LogicalData
Model
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Refining the Conceptual model
• Refine the attributes
– example:
• Synonyms
• Hononyms
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Physical Database DesignLogical Data Model Logical Process Model
TR
Track 01 Country
Database creationCREATE DATABASECREATE TABLELOAD
PhysicalImplementationProcess
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Critical Success Factors in Database Design
• Work interactively with the users as much as possible.
• Follow a structured methodology throughout the data modelling process.
• Incorporate structural and integrity considerations into the data models.
• Combine conceptualisation, normalisation, and transaction validation techniques into the data modelling methodology.
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Exercise (Conceptual design)
List 1
List 2
Track No: 1 Track name: Managing information using Database
Participantcode
Participantname
Age Position Country Address
Country code Country name Participant code Participant name Track name
Create a conceptual E.A.R model of the database for the following lists. (List up the necessaryDATA ITEMS, set up ENTITIES and their ATTRIBUTES, and identify the relationship among the entities )
List 1 is the list of participants’ information by track
List 2 is the list of participants’ information by countries
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Answer
ParticipantParticipant nameParticipant codeAgeAddressPosition
TrackTrack numberTrack name
CountryCountry codeCountry name
EntityAttribute
RelationshipZero one or many
Just one
One or many
Justone
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Exercise: Primary and Foreign Key
Participantcode
Participantname
Age Position Address Country code
Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant code
Please identify primary and foreign key.
Primary key
Foreign key
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Answer
Participantcode
Participantname
Age Position Address Country code
Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant code