[ppt]introduction to networking & telecommunicationsa_illia/cis3200/notes/mis3200class2.ppt ·...
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Introduction to Networking & Telecommunications
School of BusinessEastern Illinois University
© Abdou Illia, Fall 2016
(August 24, 2016)
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2Meaning of star symbols
Something to which you should pay special attention.
Multiple stars are for especially important or difficult material
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3Learning Objectives
You should be able to describe basic Networking Concepts in wide use today:
Basic terminology of computer networks
Voice and Video Communications Versus Data Communication
Circuit Switching Versus Packet Switching
Components of a computer network
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4Computer Network
An interconnection of computers and computing equipment using either wires or radio waves over small or large geographic distances
“Connect to GHI”ABC
DEF GHI
JKLMNO
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5Computer Network
Local area network - networks that are small in geographic size spanning a room, building, or campus
Metropolitan area network - networks that serve an area of up to 40 miles - approximately the area of a typical city
Wide area network - a large network that encompasses parts of states, multiple states, countries, and the world
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6Why Networking ? Resource sharing
– Sharing hardware (printers, processors, etc.)– Sharing software (programs, data files)
High reliability– Could set automatic backup of programs and data at
different locations– Fault tolerance (if one server is down, another provides
service. If a disk fails, a mirror disk may be available) Cost saving Communication tool
– Internal email service– Remote Access service
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7The Language of Computer Networks
Voice network - a network that transmits telephone signals
Voice communication - Transmission of analog data (specifically spoken words) usually between people
Telecommunication - the study of telephones and the systems that transmit telephone signals
Data network - a network that transmits computer data
Data communication - the transfer of digital or analog data using digital or analog signals
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8Voice & Data Communication
Originally, There was a Sharp Distinction:– Voice Communication– Data Communication, in which one or both
parties is a computer Database Electronic mail World Wide Web
Distinction is fading because voice communication is increasingly computer-based
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9Circuit Switching and Reserved Capacity
– Circuit capacity is reserved during duration of each call
– At each switch– On each trunk line
Circuit
ReservedCapacity
ReservedCapacity
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10Pros and cons of Reserved Capacity
Nothing like the congestion on the Internet
Reserved Circuit Capacity is Expensive– Have to pay for it whether you use it or not– Good for voice, because conversations are fairly
constant– Bad for data, because most data transmission is bursty;
e.g., in World Wide Web, download, then stare at screen for a long time until next download
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11Packet-Switching Data Networks
Packet Switching– Large messages are broken into small pieces called
packets (or frames)
– Packets are short (averaging a few hundred bytes) because networking devices handle short messages more efficiently
Message Packets
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12Packet-Switching Data Networks
Multiplexing– Packets from many conversations are mixed
(multiplexed) over each trunk line
Multiplexing onTransmission LinePacket Switching
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13The Big Picture of Networks.
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14The Big Picture of NetworksWorkstations
PCs or terminals used to receive services form the Network
ServersComputers that store the Network software and
shared or private user files
hubs (or switches)Collection points for wires that
interconnect Workstations
BridgesConnecting devices between
separate LANs
RoutersConnecting devices between
LANs and WANs
NodesAny computer (or computing device)
connected to a network.
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15
Server
Server
Elements of a Simple LAN
Hub or Switch
Media
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16
Server
Server
Elements of a Simple LAN
Hub or Switch
Media
Hub or Switch: Devicethat connect all stations
Media: Wired or Wireless transmission media used to transfer data.
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17Elements of a Simple LAN
Client PC
Client PCClient PCs are used byordinary managers and
Professionals. Receive services
Servers provide servicesto client PCs
Server
Server
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18Elements of a Simple LAN
Fig ure 1 .5: Sm a ll PC N e two rk Bu ilt o n a LAN
Hu b o r Sw itc h
Business Telephone W ire
NetworkInterface
Card
NIC
C lie n tPC
Se rve r
NIC: Device that provides a dedicated connection to the network. Includes a physical address called MAC address
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19
1.Station A transmits
to the Hub
2.Hub broadcasts
to all stations
Station C must wait,or its signal willcollide with Station A'ssignal
StationA
StationB
StationC
StationA
StationB
StationC
Hub operation
Hubs split available bandwidth among computers, i.e. with a 100 Mbps hub, the network speed will be 100 Mbps / n (where n is the number of computers)Active hubs include repeater capabilities for regenerating signals.Passive hubs don't regenerate signals. Limited to a 30meter distance apart from computers.
(Except sending station)
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20Switch operation
StationC
StationD
Switch
StationB
Station ATransmits
to Station C
Switch SendsSignal out aSingle Port
1 62 3 4 5
StationA
Station BTransmits
Simultaneouslyto Station D
Switches send out a single port: destination port.Most switches can efficiently handle simultaneous transmissionsSwitches provide a full bandwidth to all connected computers.
Switching tableMAC Address PortA1-44-D55-1F-AA-4C 1 (Station A)B2-CD-13-5B-E4-65 2 (Station B)C3-2D-55-3B-A9-4F 5 (Station C) ; ;
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21Summary Questions
a) Define the following:– Computer Network Data
communications– Voice Network
b) Distinguish between voice and data communications.
c) Distinguish between circuit switching and packet switching.
d) List and explain the elements of a Simple Network
4,7
8
9-12
15-
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22Summary Questions (cont.)
What category of network is illustrated here?
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23Summary Questions (cont.)
What category of network is illustrated here?