pq_q1_winter11_final

Pet Care News From Your Veterinarian

WINTER 2010 | Vo lume 8, No. 1


$4.25

®®

Shape Up! Pet Weight SolutionsLaser Therapy to the RescueThe Facts about Dental AnesthesiaTake Aim at Allergies

Pet Quarterly | Winter 2011 1

2 Fat and Happy? Maybe Not. Feedingtipstogetyourpet’s

weightincheck.

6 All About Anesthesia Learnwhydentalanesthetics

aresaferthanever.

9 Guiding Light Lasertherapytotherescue

forarthritis.

12 Take Aim at Allergies Solutionsforitchyand

scratchingpets.

15 Pet Tales Separationanxietyincats

andmore.

I N T H I S I S S U E

WINTER 2011 | VOL.8, NO 1


PetQuarterly® is an educational resource provided by your veterinary hospital.

Comments are welcome at [email protected]

©Copyright 2010. All rights reserved. PetQuarterly® magazine does not make any representations as to opinions or facts as presented. Reproduction of contents in any form is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher.

PostmAsteR: send address changes to: PetQuarterly, 2951 34th street south st. Petersburg, FL 33711

Share your photos with other PQ readers. Email your best shot and the name and location of your veterinary hospital to [email protected]. To be published, images should be at least 3 inches at 300 dpi. We’ll publish as many as we can.

Picture-Perfect Pets

MaddieSheeler Animal HospitalApopka, Fla.

SydneyPoinciana Pet Clinic and Kissimmee Animal Hospital Kissimmee, Fla.

NinaMidway Animal HospitalSeminole, Fla.

G-Man and Newton Tavares Animal HospitalTavares, Fla.

PocoWest Kendall Animal HospitalMiami, Fla.

Miss MiniNokomis Veterinary Clinic Venice, Fla.

VenusSebring Animal HospitalSebring, Fla.

Missy Cohen Veterinary CenterDeltona, Fla.

Hershey and Sierra Angel Animal Hospital Bonita Springs, Fla.

Unleash the complete

killing forceagainst fleas and ticks.

Unlike other products from your vet, only FRONTLINE® Plus completely annihilates the flea life cycle on dogs and cats by killing fleas as adults, eggs, and larvae.

Plus ticks. And, FRONTLINE Plus keeps killing for 30 days. Satisfaction guaranteed.That’s why it’s the #1 choice of vets for their pets* – and yours.†

completekiller.com®FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of Merial. ©2010 Merial Limited, Duluth, GA. All rights reserved. FLE10CNPRINTAD.

*Data on file at Merial.†Vet-dispensed, MDI Data.

xfl145235_PSI-8x10.75_rsg 8/18/10 1:46 PM Page 1

2 Winter 2011 | Pet Quarterly

S“She isn’t old, but she is acting old.” This was the concern of Tabitha and her parents for their pet Misty, a female Golden Retriever. She was purchased as a puppy to be a playmate for Tabitha, an only child. But now, five years later, Misty wasn’t interested in playing with Tabitha and could barely walk one block.

Of course, there are many possible causes for such lethargy, and a complete physical exam and blood tests were necessary to identify any possible medical condi-tions. Blood tests were normal, but the physical exam noted that Misty was significantly overweight. The recommended weight for female Golden Retrievers is 55 to 65 pounds, and Misty weighed in at 118 pounds. The veterinarian recognized that obesity is a medical condition and that it could not only be the cause of Misty’s loss of interest in playing and lack of endurance, it could also lead to long-term medical complications such as arthritis and heart or respiratory disease.

Fortunately, the veterinary office where Misty was a patient had a plan. Misty was evaluated for caloric needs and started on a program that included a feeding plan, exercise and weight-loss monitoring every other week. Over the course of six months, Misty reduced to 78 pounds—not in the recommended range, but a big improvement. Tabitha was an important part of the plan for Misty, and was thrilled with the results. “Misty is like a new dog,” Tabitha said. “Now she wants to go for walks and play again.” The program was so successful for Misty that she was recognized as winner of a national pet fitness challenge in 2009.

Just Chubby or Big Boned? Every week seems to bring a new report on obesity in dogs and cats. Current estimates say that about 30 percent of U.S. dogs and cats are overweight or obese. Obesity is defined as 20 percent over ideal or recommended weight. So if Misty’s recommended weight is 65 pounds, 78 pounds would be considered obese. In general, most cats are considered to be a normal weight at 8 to 10 pounds, so a cat of 12 pounds or more would be considered obese. Some breeds, such as the Maine Coon, are larger, so 14 pounds is considered a normal weight. Your veterinarian

can help you determine a recommended weight for your dog or cat.

It’s GeneticIf you think your pet’s weight problem may be genetic, you may be right. Certain breeds are prone to obesity. Small Animal Clinical Nutrition, 5th Edition lists the following breeds as obesity-prone: Basset Hound, Beagle, Cairn Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Cocker Spaniel, Longhaired Dachshund, Dalmatian, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Pug and Shetland Sheep-dog. In cats, domestic shorthair and mixed-breed cats are the most likely to become obese.

However, just because your pet has a predisposition to become obese or overweight, that does not mean it’s inevitable. It simply means that you need to be more >>

General Wellness


Fat and Happy? MAyBE NoT.

Maybe you’ll include

“lose five pounds” in your

new year’s resolutions.

Could your pets benefit

from that too?

By Geneva Keene Acor, DVm Key PointsObeSiTy in PeTS can cause loss of interest in playing and lack of endurance. It also can lead to long-term medical complications such as arthritis, diabetes and heart or respiratory disease.

bODy COnDiTiOn SCORe (bCS), an estimate of body fat, can be more accurate than weight in determining your pet’s overall body condition.

iF yOU ARe OveRFeeDing yOUR PeT, try measuring the food and accounting for calories from treats.

PeT FOODS mADe SPeCiFiCALLy FOR WeighT LOSS have fewer calories, but more vitamins and minerals. Your pet will still receive the recommended amount of nutrients.

diligent in monitoring and maintaining an appropriate weight or Body Condition Score (see charts).

So What, Chubby is Cute!The story of Misty, who no longer wanted to play ball or go for walks, illustrates that obesity can affect the quality of a pet’s life. Also, many diseases can result as a complication of obesity. Consider the following health benefits of maintaining a lean body weight:

n After returning to a normal weight, obese cats with type 2 diabetes often return to pre-diabetic glucose levels and can discontinue insulin.

n 50 percent of dogs with signs of arthritis improved with weight loss as the only treatment.

n Two groups of Labrador Retrievers were compared over their lifetimes. The group that was fed a limited amount of calories and maintained a lean BCS lived an average of two years longer than the group fed more and allowed to get slightly overweight. In addition, chronic diseases occurred later in life among the dogs in the lean group.

We all want our pets to live a long, healthy life. Chubby may be cute, but lean is happier.

Ugh, Diet Food! You might cringe at the thought of switching your pet to a food designed for weight loss, but you may not have to change your current food at all. Your veterinary team can determine your pet’s caloric needs and current calorie intake. If you are overfeeding—which is very common with dry food when the bowl is always full—or creating a “Halloween effect” of too many treats, the solution may be just a matter of measuring the current food and accounting for calories from treats.

Also, you don’t have to give up canned food if your pet prefers that as all or part of its meals. In fact, the water content in canned food may help satisfy your pet’s appetite and has been recommended for cats to promote urinary health. Measured amounts of canned food can also be used as a treat for either dogs or cats. However, subtract whatever you use as a treat from the pet’s total calorie allowance for the day.

If your pet returns to a normal weight, these steps may be all that are necessary. Do not restrict the amount of food you give your pet by more than 20 percent of the manufacturer’s recommendation, because this could cause a significant decrease in required vitamins, minerals and protein, which could result in deficiencies.

If weight loss is too slow or if the scale doesn’t budge at all with a change in the normal food, a specific weight-loss food may be indicated. There are several

advantages to pet food made specifically for weight loss. The reduced amount of calories is compensated for by an increase in the percentages of vitamins and minerals, so although your pet is eating fewer calories, it is getting the recommended amount of vitamins, minerals and protein. Also, some weight-loss pet foods have specific formulas that have been shown to increase lean muscle mass and promote fat loss, rather than just weight loss. Many pet-food companies have both dry and canned pet food, as well as treats formulated for the best management of weight loss and maintenance of a healthy weight.

Get Help!There can be much confusion about what is best for your pet. Some products that advertise “reduced fat” or “reduced calorie” may not actually be weight-loss pet foods. Your veterinary team is most knowledgeable about a specific plan for either weight loss or maintaining a healthy weight for your pet. Some offices have a program for monitoring and encouraging you with scheduled weigh-ins and even group meetings. Circle your pet’s profile on the BCS chart and jot down questions you have for your veterinary team. Then commit to keeping your pet at a healthy weight for a long, happy life. n

Dr. Geneva Keene Acor is a veterinary nutrition consultant. Her nine-year-old male Rottweiler, Loki, has a BCS of 3.

Did you Know?Your dog might help

you win the battle

of the bulge. A study

conducted by researchers

at Northwestern Memorial

Hospital in Chicago found

that people who exercise

with their pets are more

likely than those who

exercise alone to lose

weight and keep it off.

4 Winter 2011 | Pet Quarterly Pet Quarterly | Winter 2011 5

General Wellness

Source:RoyalCanin

More than 20% below ideal body weight

Between 10% and 20% below ideal body weight

20% aboveideal weight


More than 20% below ideal body weight

Between 10% and 20% below ideal body weight



Under-Tall or Over-Fat?Garfield the cartoon cat says that he is not overweight, but “under-tall”; weight can indeed be relative. We use weight as an easy measure of body condition, but a better measure is the Body Condition Score (BCS), which is an estimate of body fat. In people, a similar measurement is the Body Mass Index (BMI), which is an estimate of the fat percentage of an individual. The goal in wellness is to maintain a healthy fat percentage. Look at the body profiles in the accompanying BCS charts to see where your pet may fit in the BCS guidelines.

Diet and exercise helped Golden Retriever Misty win a pet fitness challenge in 2009.

of general anesthetics. Administering these medications before anesthesia calms patients, minimizes pain and allows them to undergo anesthesia with less stress and discomfort.

New anesthetic medications are also more quickly metabolized, so they clear out of a patient’s system faster, speeding recovery times. Today’s gas anesthetics, such as Isoflurane and Sevoflurane, also put less strain on the pet’s liver, kidney and other organs.

How are pets evaluated prior to anesthesia?One important aspect that is not new is the pre-anesthetic examination. No two patients are exactly alike, so the type and level of anesthesia need to be tailored for each pet. The patient’s health status plays a major role in this choice. Your veterinarian will physically examine your pet and run diagnostic tests to determine its risk for anesthesia.

How are pets monitored while under anesthesia? Anesthetic monitoring has come a long way over the last few years. There are several relatively new ways for the veterinary team to keep track of the patient.

One of the greatest advantages of anesthetic monitoring is the ability to keep patients in as light a plane of anesthesia as possible during a specific procedure. Monitors evaluate the oxygen level within the pet’s blood, blood pressure, patient temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and rhythm, and in some cases, measure carbon dioxide levels given off in respirations by the patient.

Blood pressure, for example, is a key vital sign the veterinary team will monitor. Keeping the pet’s blood pressure near normal limits helps keep blood flowing well and provides oxygen to all the vital organs during a procedure. If the pet’s blood pressure starts to drop, anesthesia can be adjusted to increase blood pressure back to normal levels. With newer anesthetics, this adjustment is quicker and easier than ever before.

Are there special considerations for dental patients?There are some special considerations dental patients deserve. One is thermoregulation, or maintenance of temperature. Typically, a pet’s oral cavity must be rinsed multiple times with water during a dental procedure. The oral cavity has generous blood flow in and around it, so rinsing the mouth with water cools this blood, which in turn can lower body temperature. Intravenous (IV) fluids used during procedures may have the same effect. Lower body temperatures tend to slow the body’s metabolism and may slow recovery.

That’s why we use warming systems—such as warm

water blankets, warm air blankets, warm carbon fiber blankets and IV fluid warmers—to maintain the pet’s body temperature.

How do you manage a pet’s pain? Just like human dentists, veterinarians use several methods to control pain in pets. Pre-anesthetic medications incorporate a number of analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain.

Dental nerve blocks desensitize specific regions of a pet’s jaw. They allow for use of lighter general anesthesia and block the transmission of pain to the brain.

Another more recent addition to anesthetic protocols is the use of analgesic medications directly in IV fluids,

Key PointsUSing AneSTheSiA iS A SAFe, reliable way to clean a pet’s teeth and perform dental procedures.

yOUR veTeRinARiAn WiLL CAReFULLy RevieW your pet’s health and conduct tests to make sure anesthesia is safe for your pet.

PeTS ARe CAReFULLy mOniTOReD and kept warm and comfortable throughout each dental procedure.

JUST LiKe hUmAn DenTiSTS, veterinarians use pain medications and dental nerve blocks to control pain.

Dental Health


All About AnesthesiAWary of anesthesia for your pet? today’s drugs and monitoring make dental procedures safer and speed recovery times.

By R. michael Peak, DVm, Dipl. AVDC


DDo you have concerns about your pet undergoing a dental procedure that requires anesthesia? You’re not alone. The good news is that anesthetic practices have greatly improved over the last 10 to 15 years. Today, more veterinarians are trained in the latest innovations to make these procedures as safe as possible.

Why are today’s anesthetics safer? In the past, veterinarians used injectable anesthetics (alone) or barbiturates in combination with an inhalant (gas) anesthetic to anesthetize pets during dental procedures. Some had minimal analgesic (pain-reducing) properties, so large amounts were needed for surgical procedures. This meant the dog or cat would take longer to recover from the procedure.

As anesthetic techniques have evolved, new drugs and lower amounts of medications have led to the development of “balanced anesthesia,” which uses pain medications, anti-inflammatory medications, sedatives and local anesthetics to minimize the use

>>


called “constant rate infusions.” This technique allows the veterinarian to use a lower amount of general anesthesia, and it also delivers optimal analgesia amounts both during and after a procedure. Post-operatively, analgesics with different modes of action (multi-modal therapy) can keep patients comfortable. Most of these medications are available in both pill and liquid form, making dosing for veterinary patients much easier.

How does this affect anesthesia?Pre-anesthetic analgesics, local nerve blocks, constant rate infusions and multi-modal approaches to pain control allow the use of lighter anesthesia. This means patients recover from anesthesia quickly and comfortably.

How do I know what approach my veterinarian uses?Just ask! Pet owners often are amazed to find that some of the same anesthesia protocols and monitoring equipment used in human hospitals are used at their veterinarian’s office, too. Veterinarians and technicians may be able to give you a general overview of their typical anesthetic protocol, but remember, your pet is an individual patient and may require examination or pre-anesthetic tests prior to the development of an actual anesthetic protocol.

What about “anesthesia-free” dental procedures?While it may be enticing to seek out dental procedures that don’t involve anesthesia, it is my opinion, and the opinion of the American Veterinary Dental College, that a thorough and complete oral/dental examination is just not possible without some form of sedation or anesthesia.

Anesthesia also gives the additional benefit of allowing placement of a cuffed endotracheal tube. While this may sound technical, it is standard in most anesthetic procedures and significantly reduces the chance of bacteria, fluids or

tartar accidentally escaping into the pet’s lungs during dental procedures.

Periodontal disease is the most common disease in dogs and cats, and we need to use anesthesia to help treat and prevent it. Two of our best methods—a thorough probe around all of the pet’s teeth and dental radiographs (x-rays)—both require light anesthesia. With a light plane of anesthesia, we can clean and probe the pet’s teeth, take dental x-rays, detect lesions and complete treatment in a comfortable and reliable manner.

The American Veterinary Dental College has a position statement regarding dental procedures without the use of anesthesia. For more information, visit: www.avdc.org/?q=node/25 n

Dr. R. Michael Peak is a specialist in veterinary dentistry.

WWhen a nine-month-old Labrador Retriever puppy walked, or rather limped, into the office of veterinarian Joanne Klingele, the dog’s prospects were bleak. Despite her young age, this well-loved pet already had severe osteoarthritis in her front legs. Until recently, the prescription would have been tough to take: lifelong pain medications, limited activity and isolation from the two fun-loving pups that shared her household to avoid possible injury.

“You can imagine what kind of life that would be for a retriever puppy,” says Klingele, of Klingele Veterinary Clinic, Quincy, Ill.

Senior Wellness

Key PointsLASeR TheRAPy iS A neW TReATmenT

for pain management, injury and wound healing.

LASeR TheRAPy iS nOn-invASive and approved for use in dogs and cats.

SeSSiOnS USUALLy LAST 3 TO 10 minUTeS and are packaged in six-treatment courses.

non-invasive laser therapy

is brightening the future

for pets suffering from

osteoarthritis, injuries

and more.

>>

By mary scoviak

LiGHtGUIDING

>>

Dental Health

1. This anesthetized patient is receiving light gas anesthesia, warmed IV fluids and a warm water circulating blanket. The dog is connected to a multiparameter monitor and is being visually monitored by a trained technician.

2. This monitor is evaluating electrical activity of the heart, pulse patterns, oxygen in the blood, respiratory patterns, carbon dioxide in respirations, temperature and blood pressure.

Pre-Anesthesia CheckupYour veterinarian will thoroughly review your pet’s health before any dental procedure requiring anesthesia.

Simple tasks such as listening to the pet’s heart and lungs with a stethoscope are just as important as advanced tests such as echocardiograms (ultrasound of the heart) to fully evaluate a patient. Not every patient will require advanced testing procedures, but common tests include: bloodwork to evaluate blood cell capabilities, chemistry profile to evaluate vital organ functions and electrocardiogram to check electrical activity of the heart.


1

2


In addition to arthritis, common uses for this technology include post-surgical treatments to speed incision healing, and treatments for hot spots and other pain issues.

Low-Risk AlternativeThis could be welcome news for you and your dog if you’re one of an estimated 20 percent of U.S. dog owners whose pets suffer from osteoarthritis and related conditions. It’s also compelling for owners of breeds with a predisposition to liver or kidney disease. The steroids and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) used to ease inflammation and the pain it causes carry a list of possible side effects, and lab work is required periodically to check organ function. Laser therapy can’t always replace these medications, but it can be used as a complement, which often translates to reduced dosages.

Therapeutic lasers are also getting attention from pet owners looking for a more holistic approach to improving their pets’ health. Results from therapy lasers have been extremely encouraging; Metzger notes that 90 percent of his patients show improvement after four treatments.

Your veterinarian can determine whether your pet is a good candidate for laser therapy. Klingele and Metzger both stress that laser therapy is non-invasive. So even if your pet is in its golden years or has other health issues, laser treatment can be an effective option for pain management. Klingele and Metzger agree that the only side effect they’ve seen is a slight soreness or tiredness in the pet after the first treatment or two.

One of Metzger’s patients, a 13-year-old Golden Retriever named Teddy, was one of the 10 percent of his patients who showed some soreness after the first two treatments. When Metzger first saw Teddy, the dog was suffering from hip dysplasia and was struggling to get up and down. After the fourth treatment, the pet was able to move around without difficulty. Metzger notes that by the third or fourth treatment, any slight soreness usually disappears.

Rover and Fluffy are not alone under the light, either. Laser therapy is also being used to treat arthritis, sports injuries and other human ailments. n

Mary Scoviak is a Cincinnati-based freelance writer.

Fortunately, Klingele was able to offer an alternative: laser therapy. After one treatment, the dog was less reserved; after the second, she started to interact with her housemates and, after a third, she was ready for playtime. “It was great to see that Lab running around and playing like the other puppies,” says Klingele. “Laser therapy’s not a panacea. It’s not going to cure osteoarthritis, but it can drastically reduce the symptoms. In other words, it can revolutionize the pet’s quality of life.”

From Star Wars to Main StreetAlthough surgical lasers have been essential tools in veterinary practices for more than a decade, therapeutic lasers have played only a limited role because they simply weren’t powerful enough to reach deep into tissue. That changed in 2008 with the debut of a new generation of equipment, such as MLS Therapy Laser, from Fairport, N.Y.-based Cutting Edge Laser Technologies.

By combining continuous and pulse technologies, this high-tech device works at the cellular level to stimulate blood flow and reduce inflammation. That combination gives veterinarians a powerful new option for treating chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis as well as speeding up post-operative or post-injury healing. “What the therapeutic laser really does is help the body heal itself,” says veterinarian Fred Metzger, owner of Metzger Animal Hospital, State College, Pa.

See the cover reminder for an important message from your veterinarian.

TReATmenT OPTiOnSBefore your pet starts a laser-therapy program, your veterinarian will design a treatment plan. Most practices use a six-session

series to start, followed by maintenance treatments about once a month. Each

session is administered by a technician and lasts 3 to 10 minutes.

And you won’t have to leave Rover alone. Klingele and Metzger both point

out that it’s actually good for you to be with your pet during the procedure. In

addition to making the pet less nervous, you get to see exactly what goes on,

which is good if images of science-fiction lasers are in your mind.

Don’t worry about having to keep your pet behind a baby gate, either—

laser treatments require no downtime. “It’s really a lunchtime procedure,” says

Klingele. Unlike more invasive options, there’s no sedation and no restraint—

especially important for owners of older dogs.

Senior Wellness

For more informationTo learn more about laser therapy, visit:

www.lasertherapyfordogs.com

www.vetinfo.com

Toby, a Cocker Spaniel, receives laser therapy for post-surgical rehabilitation.

Laser therapy treatments typically take 3 to 10 minutes.



IIs your pet itchy and scratching? This bothersome condition might be due to allergies. Allergy-associated problems are common for cats and dogs—consistently ranking among the top 10 pet insurance claims.

With your input on your pet’s activities and behaviors along with key diagnostic tests, your veterinarian can help put your pet on the path to wellness. The first step is to try to pinpoint the source of the problem. It might take some patience, but there are measures that can be taken to get to the bottom of your pet’s discomfort.

If your dog or cat has allergies, it may suffer from ear infections, lick and bite its feet and rub or scratch its face and body. This self trauma can lead to red skin, hair loss and odor caused by secondary infections. These outward signs of discomfort are a reflection of your pet’s immune system responding to exposure to offending allergens. Transient symptoms that come and go with the seasons suggest that pollens or molds are the most likely culprits. Problems that persist throughout the year make it a bit more difficult to identify the underlying cause.

Looking For CluesSince there are many potential causes for itchy skin besides an allergy, your veterinarian will conduct a thorough physical examination and possibly some diagnostic tests to eliminate those factors.

Your veterinarian will look for dry or flaky skin, bacterial or fungal infections, fleas, lice and mites. If any of these are the culprit, there are specific treatments that will likely solve the problem. If there doesn’t seem to be an underlying cause, medications to counteract the inflammatory response and soothe the inflamed skin might help. If your pet has primary allergic disease, known as atopic dermatitis, the clinical signs will likely return and may worsen over time.

Treatment options for AtopyOne option for managing allergies is seasonal or periodic treatment with topical or oral antihistamines, corticosteroids or other immune-suppressant drugs, antibiotics, anti-fungal medications and essential fatty acid supplements. Some atopic dogs and cats respond well to this approach, although it can be difficult for pet owners to administer and afford all of the medications. Corticosteroids and other immune-suppressant drugs might also lead to undesirable side effects, so you and your veterinarian will need to weigh the benefits versus the risks.

Another option is to move beyond treating symptoms and zero in on the specific allergens that are causing the problem. Then you can pursue avoidance measures and desensitization. There are two methods of testing for offending allergens such as tree, grass and weed pollens,

Key PointsALLeRgieS COmmOnLy AFFeCT CATS AnD DOgS, and may cause them to itch and scratch.

TOPiCAL AnD ORAL TReATmenTS ARe AvAiLAbLe for seasonal or periodic treatment.

TeSTing meThODS CAn iDenTiFy exACTLy WhiCh allergens are causing your pet’s discomfort.

OnCe The OFFenDing ALLeRgenS ARe iDenTiFieD, allergen-specific immunotherapy is an effective way to decrease symptoms with minimal side effects.

taking aiM at ALLerGieS

From pollen to dust mites, any number of

culprits may cause an allergic reaction in cats

and dogs. a range of treatments can help.

By Liz Whitney, DVm

Parasite Control/Dermatology


If a pet shows signs of allergies year-round, regardless of the season, it is important to distinguish between adverse reactions to food and allergies to external allergens, which is known as atopy. An estimated 5 percent to 15 percent of allergic patients may have sensitivity to foods alone or in combination with atopy.

If an adverse reaction to food is suspected, your veterinarian might recommend a hydrolyzed protein, novel protein or limited-ingredient dietary trial for up to 12 weeks. For these pets, a diet change has the potential to resolve clinical signs, so it is well worth the effort to follow the strict guidelines of a food trial.

FOOD ALLeRgieS: Will a change in diet help?

>>


ease your Cat’s SeparationAnxietyDespite their reputation for being independent, cats can get lonesome too.

Some single indoor-only cats can become anxious when left alone for long periods of time. If your pet is missing you, it may go on a hunger or drinking strike while you are away, urinate outside of its litterbox, or show other out-of-the-ordinary behavior, according to The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

The first stop should be your veterinarian’s office to rule out any health issues.

If health is not a problem, these tips might help with separation anxiety:

n Provide perches so the cat can look outside.

n Let your cat “hunt” for food by placing food in a toy that will make the cat work to get the food out.

n Hide food throughout the house so the cat has to find it.

n Leave the radio or TV on, tuned to your usual station.

n Call home and leave a message for your cat.

n Spend time each day playing with your cat.


Pet exercise Tips for the new yearYour first instinct may be to curl up inside on the couch when temperatures dip in winter.

To get in your pet’s daily exercise, beat the chill by enrolling your dog in an indoor agility or flyball class. Or walk your pet in wooded areas during the winter months, advises ASPCA. Forests provide protection from wind and have interesting sights and sounds for your dog to investigate. (Plus, dirt and grass are easier on paws than concrete.)

If you’re just getting started with an exercise program for your pet, first get a clean bill of health from your veterinarian. Then start out slowly with 10 to 15 minutes of moderately paced walking each day, recommends the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA). Or try a 15-minute game of fetch.

Your cat may have perfected the art of snoozing. But cats need exercise too, and they like anything they can bat, chase, explore or scratch. Short, frequent exercise sessions work best for cats, says AAHA. Or set up an indoor kitty tree for your cat to climb and explore.

mArk your CALenDAr

Pet tales

molds, mites and flea saliva. For both of these methods, testing will be for allergens specific to your geographical and botanical zone.

The first method is called serum IgE testing. It requires your veterinarian to draw a small amount of blood to submit to a lab for measurement of allergen-specific antibodies.

The second method is intradermal skin testing. For this test, the hair is shaved on the side of the body and individual allergens are injected into the pet’s skin so that a visible reaction can be measured. This test is often done by a veterinary dermatologist and may require a referral. Some veterinarians prefer to perform both tests and then review the combined results to create a prescription serum.

Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy One of the most effective long-term solutions for atopic dermatitis is allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). This treatment will desensitize your pet’s immune system to the problem allergens. An estimated 50 percent to 80 percent of patients will improve with this method of treatment. Immunotherapy is usually a commitment for the life of the pet, and may take several months for the first signs of improvement. During this time, you may need to continue with other treatments.

With ASIT, the patient is given doses of the specific offending allergens. Injections are given subcutaneously (just under the skin), following a protocol that goes from a low dose of a weak solution to a larger dose of a more

concentrated solution. This process is called hyposensi-tization and is also done in human medicine. You may have a friend or family member that is being treated in this manner. Although there is cost associated with any treatment, the cost-to-benefit ratio for immunotherapy is quite good. ASIT targets the specific underlying disease, so there are better odds for long-term success with minimal side effects or additional medications.

Caring For your Pet at HomeAfter testing, a customized serum will be created for your pet. Successful treatment will require frequent visits to the veterinarian during the initial induction period, but after the first month or two, you will likely be able to give injections to your pet at home, using instructions from your veterinary team. Most pets are very tolerant of the injections.

During the initial stages of treatment, it is very helpful to establish a daily calendar to document the level of itchiness and to note any special circumstances that might have occurred that day (food, snacks, traveling, visits, etc.). Every pet responds differently, so the journal can help your veterinarian make important decisions about dosing and intervals between injections. Once a maintenance dose has been established, injections are given every 7 to 28 days depending on the pet’s response to treatment.

Your pet may not be cured of allergies, but ASIT can help. Owning an allergic pet can sometimes be frustrating, but patience and diligence will pay off in the long run and provide comfort for your companion. n

Dr. Liz Whitney is a medical consultant for Heska Corporation. The company’s veterinary diagnostic laboratory performs IgE testing.

Parasite Control/Dermatology

Did you Know? People with allergies often sneeze, wheeze and cough. In pets, respiratory symptoms are not common. Allergies usually appear as itchy skin. brush Up!

Resolve to brush your pet’s teeth in between veterinary dental checkups in the New Year. Brushing will help prevent buildup of tartar, which can lead to periodontal disease.

Ease your pet into the process by massaging its lips with your finger in a circular motion for 30 to 60 seconds once or twice a week. Then introduce your pet to a toothbrush and toothpaste specially formulated for pets.

For a step-by-step video from the American Veterinary Medical Association, visit www.avmatv.org and type “dental health” in the search box.

COmmOn ALLeRgenSPets can be allergic to many of the same allergens as humans.

non-Seasonaln Fleas n Dust mites n Storage mites

n Animal dander n Molds

Skin bacteria and yeasts n Foods

Seasonal (Pollens)Trees (spring) n Grasses (late spring and summer)

n Weeds (summer and fall)


Pet tales

CAUTION: Federal (U.S.A.) law restricts this drug to use by or on theorder of a licensed veterinarian.INDICATIONS: For use in dogs to prevent canine heartworm diseaseby eliminating the tissue stage of heartworm larvae (Dirofilariaimmitis) for a month (30 days) after infection and for the treatment andcontrol of ascarids (Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina) andhookworms (Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala,Ancylostoma braziliense).DOSAGE: HEARTGARD® Plus (ivermectin/pyrantel) Chewablesshould be administered orally at monthly intervals at therecommended minimum dose level of 6 mcg of ivermectin per kilogram(2.72 mcg/lb) and 5 mg of pyrantel (as pamoate salt) per kg (2.27mg/lb) of body weight. The recommended dosing schedule forprevention of canine heartworm disease and for the treatment andcontrol of ascarids and hookworms is as follows:

HEARTGARD Plus is recommended for dogs 6 weeks of age and older.For dogs over 100 lb use the appropriate combination of these chewables.ADMINISTRATION: Remove only one chewable at a time from thefoil-backed blister card. Return the card with the remaining chewablesto its box to protect the product from light. Because most dogs findHEARTGARD Plus palatable, the product can be offered to the dog byhand. Alternatively, it may be added intact to a small amount of dogfood.The chewable should be administered in a manner thatencourages the dog to chew, rather than to swallow without chewing.Chewables may be broken into pieces and fed to dogs that normallyswallow treats whole.Care should be taken that the dog consumes the complete dose, andtreated animals should be observed for a few minutes after administrationto ensure that part of the dose is not lost or rejected. If it is suspected thatany of the dose has been lost, redosing is recommended.HEARTGARD Plus should be given at monthly intervals during theperiod of the year when mosquitoes (vectors), potentially carryinginfective heartworm larvae, are active. The initial dose must be givenwithin a month (30 days) after the dog’s first exposure to mosquitoes.The final dose must be given within a month (30 days) after the dog’slast exposure to mosquitoes.When replacing another heartworm preventive product in a heartwormdisease prevention program, the first dose of HEARTGARD Plus must begiven within a month (30 days) of the last dose of the former medication. If the interval between doses exceeds a month (30 days), the efficacyof ivermectin can be reduced. Therefore, for optimal performance, thechewable must be given once a month on or about the same day ofthe month. If treatment is delayed, whether by a few days or many,immediate treatment with HEARTGARD Plus and resumption of therecommended dosing regimen will minimize the opportunity for thedevelopment of adult heartworms.Monthly treatment with HEARTGARD Plus also provides effectivetreatment and control of ascarids (T. canis, T. leonina) and hookworms(A. caninum, U. stenocephala, A. braziliense). Clients should be advisedof measures to be taken to prevent reinfection with intestinal parasites.EFFICACY: HEARTGARD Plus Chewables, given orally using therecommended dose and regimen, are effective against the tissuelarval stage of D.immitis for a month (30 days) after infection and, as aresult, prevent the development of the adult stage. HEARTGARD PlusChewables are also effective against canine ascarids (T. canis, T.leonina) and hookworms (A. caninum, U. stenocephala, A. braziliense).

ACCEPTABILITY: In acceptability and field trials, HEARTGARD PlusChewables were shown to be an acceptable oral dosage form thatwas consumed at first offering by the majority of dogs.PRECAUTIONS: All dogs should be tested for existing heartworminfection before starting treatment with HEARTGARD Plus which isnot effective against adult D. immitis. Infected dogs must be treatedto remove adult heartworms and microfilariae before initiating aprogram with HEARTGARD Plus.While some microfilariae may be killed by the ivermectin inHEARTGARD Plus at the recommended dose level, HEARTGARD Plusis not effective for microfilariae clearance. A mild hypersensitivity-type reaction, presumably due to dead or dying microfilariae andparticularly involving a transient diarrhea, has been observed inclinical trials with ivermectin alone after treatment of some dogs thathave circulating microfilariae.Keep this and all drugs out of the reach of children.In case of ingestion by humans, clients should be advised to contact aphysician immediately. Physicians may contact a Poison ControlCenter for advice concerning cases of ingestion by humans.Store at controlled room temperature of 68°F - 77°F (20°C - 25°C).Excursions between 59°F - 86°F (15°C - 30°C) are permitted. Protectproduct from light.ADVERSE REACTIONS: In clinical field trials with HEARTGARD Plus,vomiting or diarrhea within 24 hours of dosing was rarely observed(1.1% of administered doses). The following adverse reactions havebeen reported following the use of HEARTGARD: Depression/lethargy,vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, mydriasis, ataxia, staggering,convulsions and hypersalivation.SAFETY: HEARTGARD Plus has been shown to be bioequivalent toHEARTGARD, with respect to the bioavailability of ivermectin. Thedose regimens of HEARTGARD Plus and HEARTGARD are the samewith regard to ivermectin (6 mcg/kg). Studies with ivermectin indicatethat certain dogs of the Collie breed are more sensitive to the effectsof ivermectin administered at elevated dose levels (more than 16times the target use level) than dogs of other breeds. At elevateddoses, sensitive dogs showed adverse reactions which includedmydriasis, depression, ataxia, tremors, drooling, paresis, recumbency,excitability, stupor, coma and death. HEARTGARD demonstrated nosigns of toxicity at 10 times the recommended dose (60 mcg/kg) insensitive Collies. Results of these trials and bioequivalency studies,support the safety of HEARTGARD products in dogs, including Collies,when used as recommended.HEARTGARD Plus has shown a wide margin of safety at therecommended dose level in dogs, including pregnant or breedingbitches, stud dogs and puppies aged 6 or more weeks. In clinical trials,many commonly used flea collars, dips, shampoos, anthelmintics,antibiotics, vaccines and steroid preparations have been administeredwith HEARTGARD Plus in a heartworm disease prevention program.In one trial, where some pups had parvovirus, there was a marginalreduction in efficacy against intestinal nematodes, possibly due to achange in intestinal transit time.HOW SUPPLIED: HEARTGARD Plus is available in three dosagestrengths (see DOSAGE section) for dogs of different weights. Eachstrength comes in convenient cartons of 6 and 12 chewables.For customer service, please contact Merial at 1-888-637-4251.

Color Coding 0nDog Chewables Ivermectin Pyrantel Foil-Backing

Weight Per Month Content Content and Carton

Up to 25 1 68 mcg 57 mg Blue26 - 50 1 136 mcg 114 mg Green51 - 100 1 272 mcg 227 mg Brown

CHEWABLES

®HEARTGARD and the Dog & Hand logo are registered trademarks of Merial. ®INTERCEPTOR is a registered trademarkof the Novartis Corporation. ®FLAVOR TABS is a registered trademark of Novartis AG. ©2010 Merial Limited, Duluth, GA.All rights reserved. HGD10CNPETQTRAD.

1 Of dogs showing a preference in three studies conducted by independent investigators, dogs preferred HEARTGARD®

(ivermectin) Chewables over INTERCEPTOR® (milbemycin oxime)FlavorTabs® by a margin of 37 to 1; data on file at Merial.

We’d love to hear from you! Tell us how your veterinarian has helped you and your pet, and you could be featured in our next issue! E-mail us at [email protected].

Take Care buying Drugs OnlineDrugs dispensed from your veterinarian are the safest option for your pet.

If you decide to buy prescriptions online, make sure the pharmacy requires a prescrip-tion—a legitimate pharmacy won’t dispense prescription drugs without authorization from a veterinarian, points out the American Veterinary Medical Association (AMVA).

“The biggest concern is that it can be difficult to tell a legitimate Internet pharmacy from a dishonest one,” says veterinarian Chuck Lemme, a member of AMVA’s Clinical Practitioners Advisory Committee. “The FDA has found Internet pharmacies that sell unapproved drugs, expired drugs and even counterfeit product.”

How do you tell if a pharmacy is credible? One key way, suggests Lemme, “Make sure the business is licensed in the state where the business is located. It also should be licensed to sell drugs in your state.” This information is available from the state pharmacy board.

If you want to buy drugs online, your veterinary practice may have its own online store or a recommendation.

Know your breedsEarly detection and preventive healthcare can make a difference in your pet’s health. Regular wellness checkups by your veterinarian are the first line of defense. But you can help too. Read up on your pet’s breed or mix of breeds to help spot medical conditions early and alert your veterinarian.

A Dachshund, for instance, could be prone to hypothyroidism (insufficient thyroid hormone production), which could include symptoms such as hair loss, obesity and lethargy. Pugs may develop airway disease, and Chihuahuas are susceptible to bladder stones. Cats have breed-related health conditions as well.

Visit the American Animal Hospital Association’s website at www.healthypet.com for breed health information for dogs and cats. (Click on “Find a Pet,” then “Breed Information.”)

Unleash the complete

killing forceagainst fleas and ticks.

Unlike other products from your vet, only FRONTLINE® Plus completely annihilates the flea life cycle on dogs and cats by killing fleas as adults, eggs, and larvae.

Plus ticks. And, FRONTLINE Plus keeps killing for 30 days. Satisfaction guaranteed.That’s why it’s the #1 choice of vets for their pets* – and yours.†

completekiller.com®FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of Merial. ©2010 Merial Limited, Duluth, GA. All rights reserved. FLE10CNPRINTAD.

*Data on file at Merial.†Vet-dispensed, MDI Data.

xfl145234_PSI-8x10.75_rsg 8/18/10 1:47 PM Page 1

What makesheartworm diseasein dogs even harder to take... ...is that this is so easy to take.1

Photo provided by Dr. Stephen Jones.

Ask your veterinarian for the ONLY Real-Beef Chewable.

Important Safety Information:HEARTGARD is well tolerated. All dogs should be tested forheartworm infection before starting a preventive program.Following the use of HEARTGARD, digestive and neurological sideeffects have rarely been reported. For more information, pleasevisit www.HEARTGARD.com.

Redeem this coupon by returning it to:HEARTGARD Program Headquarters • PO Box #4040 • South Bend, IN 46634

• FOR VETERINARY CLINIC USE ONLY •

Name: ________________________________________________________________________

Street Address: ________________________________________________________________

City: ______________________________________ State: ______________ Zip:____________

E-mail Address: ________________________________________________________________By providing your e-mail address, you are requesting receipt of convenient monthly e-mail reminders to give your pet HEARTGARD, as well as to receive other special offers and pet care tips from Merial.

Buy 12 doses*of HEARTGARD® Plus (ivermectin/pyrantel), get $12 back!

Receipt must be included and dated on or before 09/01/2011.Rebate request must be received on or before 12/31/2011. Merialreserves the right to amend, substitute, or withdraw this offer atany time without notice. Receipts must indicate a HEARTGARDproduct purchase. Offer may be redeemed only by pet owner. Goodonly in continental U.S. and Hawaii. Void where prohibited orrestricted by law. All federal, state and local laws and regulationsapply. This form must accompany request; reproductions or othercopies will not be accepted. Fraudulent submission could result inFederal prosecution under mail fraud statutes (Title 18, United StatesCode, Section 1341 and 1342) and applicable state laws. May notbe combined with any other offer for HEARTGARD products.

®HEARTGARD and the Dog & Hand logo are registered trademarks of Merial.©2010 Merial Limited, Duluth, GA. All rights reserved. HGD10CNPETQTRAD.

Available only on purchase from your veterinarian. | Coupon expires 09/01/2011.RECEIPT MUST ACCOMPANY FORM.

• TO BE COMPLETED BY PET OWNER •

Rebate request must be received on or before 12/31/2011 and must be accompanied by a receipt. One coupon required for every 12-pack purchased. Please allow 6 to 8 weeks for delivery.

Stamp Clinic Information Here

NOTE: Merial respects your privacy. We will not share, sell or rent the information you provide on this form.

Merial Account Number:__________________________________________________________

Veterinary Hospital: ______________________________________________________________

Address:_______________________________________________________________________

City: __________________________________________State: ______ Zip: ________________

Staff Rewards #:_________________________________________________________________

Staff Member Name: _____________________________________________________________

PLEASE PRINT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

o Yes o No Pet’s Age in Years_________

To help ensure rebate redemption, the coupon should be fully completed.

10HGPQTR

*of the same product at the same time

Is this your first purchaseof HEARTGARD?

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