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8/13/2019 Practice Paper Answers

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2012 Y2 Geog Pop Quiz extract

Name: ( ) Class:

YEAR 2 DUNMAN HIGH INTEGRATED PROGRAMME

GEOGRAPHYDuration: 20 minutes

Practice Sample Questions

Section A: Data Response Questions (DRQs) [5 marks]

1. Figure 1 shows the fertility rate of women (by regions) from 1950 to 2020.

Figure 1Source: Ithaca College Gerontology Institute

a. Compare the changes in the fertility rates of women in the three listed areas(world, more developed region and less developed region) from 1950 to 2020.

[3]

Point (0.5m)The fertility rates of women in all three areas/regions have fallen over the years from1950 to 2020 (projected).Supporting data (0.5m)The fertility rate of women in the world region has fallen drastically from 4.9 perwoman in 1950 to 2.5 per woman in 2020, almost halving (fall of 49%). This ismatched by the decline in fertility rate of the less developed regions from 6.1 in 1950

to 2.5 per woman in 2020 (fall of 59%). For developed regions, the fertility rate fell


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from 2.8 per woman in 1950 to 2.1 per woman in 2020 (fall of 25%).


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Point (0.5m)

The fertility rates of women in less developed region and in the world region hasdeclined at a faster pace as compared to the fertility rate of women in developed region.Supporting data (0.5m)This is supported by the earlier set of data shown in that fertility rates in the lessdeveloped region and the world region declining more drastically at 59% and 49% ascompared to developed regions decline at 25% between the years of 1950 and2020.

Point (0.5m)While the fertility rates of women in less developed region and in the world regionhave been declining continuously between 1950 and 2025 the fertility rates ofwomen in developed region has dipped between 1950 and 2000 and begun to increase(rebounded slightly) from 2000 to 2020Supporting data (0.5m)This is seen in the decline in fertility rates from 6.1 to 2.5 per woman for less developedregion and from 4.9 to 2.5 per woman for the world region while the fertility rates of

women in developed region has dipped between 1950 and 2000 (from 2.8 to2.0 per woman) and begun to increase from 2000 to 2020 (from 2.0 to 2.1)

Point (0.5m)Fertility rate of the less developed region is always greater than the developed regionsince 1950 although the gap between them is narrowing, leading to a gradualconvergence in the fertility rates.Supporting data (0.5m)In 1950, there is a difference of 3.2 per woman between the developed region andthe less developed region and by 2020 there is a projection of a difference of 0.4 perwoman between the developed region and the less developed region.

Point (0.5m)Fertility rate of the less developed region gradually converge with the fertility of theworld region over time (from 1950 to 2020), achieving the same fertility rate by 2020.Supporting data (0.5m)In 1950, there is a difference of 1.2 children per woman between the less developedregion and the world region and by 2020 there is a projection of no differencebetween the two regions, with both regions achieving 2.5 per woman in 2020.

Any of the three points (including the first big picturepoint)

b. Explain two reasons for the changes in fertility rate in the less developedregion from 1960 to 2010. [2]

With improved healthcare (0.5m), which refers to better medicine available,many couples may feel that it is not necessary to have many children to ensuresome will survive to adulthood. Hence, over time, fertility rate falls (0.5m).

As the less developed countries economically develop or industrialise (0.5m)and become less agrarian in nature/fewer people are working in the farms, there isless need for children to work as free labour in the farms for the parents. Hence,over time, fertility rate will fall (0.5m).

With the development of the less developed countries, there are moreeducational opportunities for women or more equality for women (0.5m).

Women become more educated or empowered and may choose to pursue their


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careers. Hence, they will opt for later marriages and having children later in their

lives. Thus their child bearing years will be reduced and this will lead to the fertility

rate falling (0.5m).

There is a change in the social attitudes or there is societal change in the

preference for singlehood or smaller families (0.5m). As people choose to

remain single or couples prefer smaller families to have work-life balance, therewill be fewer families and the fertility rate will fall (0.5m).

2. Read the following text and answer questions 8 to 10.

In August of 1999 India became the second country to have its population reachthe one billion mark. In any country, rapid population growth places a strain on theavailable resources, but in a developing country like India, many resources are

already scarce. Realizing these consequences, India has been implementingofficial family planning programs to curb population growth since the 1950 s.Mostevidence would suggest that the countrys policies have been largely ineffectiveand changes must be made to prevent further problems resulting fromoverpopulation.

So where did Indias efforts fall short? Educating the people about temporarymethods of contraception was neglected in favour of encouraging sterilization. At itsworst, Indias policy included declaring a state of emergency in 1976 andimplementing forced sterilization in poor neighbourhoods. When the only optionavailable to many people is one that is irreversible, people would opt for no

contraceptives at all. In such a scenario, the problem is not solved and thepopulation keeps growing and resources per head keep dwindling.

Adapted from source:http://www.colby.edu/personal/t/thtieten/Famplan.htm

a. The situation described in the text above illustrates a feedback for

Indias population system. Identify the type of feedback (positive or

negative) and explain your answer. [2]

Feedback: Positive (1m)

The feedback is positive because the government policy of sterilisation (0.5m),while implemented to reduce births permanently ended up scaring people ormaking couples shy away from wanting to accept contraceptives at all, leading tothe continued or increased birth rate (0.5m).

b. State two challenges that may arise with overpopulation. [2]

Increased unemployment (0.5m) when there are too few available jobs forthe increasing number of people in the workforce (0.5m)

Food shortages (and/or malnutrition) (0.5m) when the people and/or thegovernment does not have enough financial resources to feed themselves (0.5m)
http://www.colby.edu/personal/t/thtieten/Famplan.htmhttp://www.colby.edu/personal/t/thtieten/Famplan.htmhttp://www.colby.edu/personal/t/thtieten/Famplan.htmhttp://www.colby.edu/personal/t/thtieten/Famplan.htm


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Poor/low quality of life (0.5m) when the people are suffering fromunemployment, poorly paid jobs or food shortages leading to stress and lowquality of life (0.5m)

Increased social tension and/or riots (0.5m) when the people becomesdiscontented with their low quality of life (due to the joblessness) andgovernment incompetence

(0.5m) Environmental degradation (0.5m) when there is resource depletion such

as deforestation caused widespread environmental damage and dwindlingsupply of timber (0.5m)

[Any 2 points]


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