practicing democracy as if the public matters · practicing democracy as if the public matters....
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Practicing Democracy as if the Public Matters
Will Friedman, Ph.D.President, Public Agenda
June, 2015Adelaide, South Australia
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STATUS-QUO DEMOCRACY FALLING SHORT
Section I
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What ails democracy today
● Leaders out of touch with public● Powerful interests w/too much
influence ● Partisan bickering defeats common
ground ●Gridlock defeats problem solving
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A limited tool box for democratic problem solving
Advocacy groups and experts not enough
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The nature of “wicked problems”
Technical Problems Wicked Problems
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The nature of “wicked problems”
Technical Problems Wicked Problems
Easy to identify Hard to identify, easy to deny
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The nature of “wicked problems”
Technical Problems Wicked Problems
Easy to identify Hard to identify, easy to deny
Amenable to a technical fix There is no technical fix
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The nature of “wicked problems”
Technical Problems Wicked Problems
Easy to identify Hard to identify, easy to deny
Amenable to a technical fix There is no technical fix
Amenable to top-down solutions Requires many parties to learn and negotiate, make provisional decisions and adapt
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Managing wicked problems requires an engaged public
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IS A MORE CITIZEN-CENTERED DEMOCRACY POSSIBLE?
Section II
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Are the people up to the task?
Civic Pessimists Civic Optimists
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Are the people up to the task?
Civic Pessimists Civic Optimists
“The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right.” (Hamilton)
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Are the people up to the task?
Civic Pessimists Civic Optimists
“The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right.” (Hamilton)
“I am not among those who fear the people.” (Jefferson)
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Are the people up to the task?
Civic Pessimists Civic Optimists
“The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right.” (Hamilton)
“I am not among those who fear the people.” (Jefferson)
The public is often “destructively wrong at…critical junctures.” (Walter Lippmann)
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Are the people up to the task?
Civic Pessimists Civic Optimists
“The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right.” (Hamilton)
“I am not among those who fear the people.” (Jefferson)
The public is often “destructively wrong at…critical junctures.” (Walter Lippmann)
“The cure for the ills of democracy is more democracy.” (Jane Addams)
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Are the people up to the task?
Civic Pessimists Civic Optimists
“The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right.” (Hamilton)
“I am not among those who fear the people.” (Jefferson)
The public is often “destructively wrong at…critical junctures.” (Walter Lippmann)
“The cure for the ills of democracy is more democracy.” (Jane Addams)
“No one ever went brokeunderestimating the intelligence…of the American people.” (H.L. Mencken)
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Are the people up to the task?
Civic Pessimists Civic Optimists
“The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right.” (Hamilton)
“I am not among those who fear the people.” (Jefferson)
The public is often “destructively wrong at…critical junctures.” (Walter Lippmann)
“The cure for the ills of democracy is more democracy.” (Jane Addams)
“No one ever went brokeunderestimating the intelligence…of the American people.” (H.L. Mencken)
“…democracies decay not because of the stupidity of the masses, but because of the cupidity and self-seeking of leadership.” (V.O. Key)
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A different, more pragmatic, view
Optimist? Pessimist? It depends!
“Potentially, the public can contributein ways that elude expert elites and leaders.”
Dan Yankelovich
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What is public judgment?
Not top-of-the head reactions
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What is public judgment?
Not necessarily deeply felt reactions
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What is public judgment?
A considered, responsible perspective, achieved through a kind of public work, that unfolds in stages.
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THE EMERGING ART AND SCIENCE OF PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
Section III
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Public engagement: Practices that involve the community in meaningful public problem solving
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Authentic engagement takes citizens seriously
“We want to include you in this decision without letting you affect it.”
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Practices that go beyond business as usual
Business as usual Authentic engagement
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Practices that go beyond business as usual
Business as usual Authentic engagement
Interest group or expert driven by small group of decision makers
Inclusive decision making, with public & stakeholders involved
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Practices that go beyond business as usual
Business as usual Authentic engagement
Interest group or expert driven by small group of decision makers
Inclusive decision making, with public & stakeholders involved
Decide first, then sell Decide with stakeholders
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Practices that go beyond business as usual
Business as usual Authentic engagement
Interest group or expert driven by small group of decision makers
Inclusive decision making, with public & stakeholders involved
Decide first, then sell Decide with stakeholders
Top-down, one-waycommunications based on informing and persuading
Two-way communications based on dialogue and learning
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Resolves democratic ambivalence toward public
By providing the means for citizens to effectively do their work
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A key to effective engagement
Promote dialogue and deliberation among diverse stakeholders about real choices
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What kind of after-school program do we need?
Option 1: Emphasize academic excellenceHelp kids catch up or stay ahead in school
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What kind of after-school program do we need?
Option 2: Emphasize values and life skillsTeach leadership, teamwork, strong values
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What kind of after-school program do we need?
Option 3: Emphasize a safe place to unwindAllow kids to exercise, play, explore
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What kind of after-school program do we need?
Option 1: Emphasize academic excellenceHelp kids catch up or stay ahead in school
Option 2: Emphasize values and life skillsTeach leadership, teamwork, strong values
Option 3: Emphasize a safe place to unwindAllow kids to exercise, play, explore
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SOUTH AUSTRALIA HAS A CHANCE TO LEAD
Section IV
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South Australia has been a democratic pioneer
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South Australia again leads civic innovation
Potentially, among the world’s most ambitious experiment in deliberative democracy
“One of the greatest resources we have is the common-sense judgments
of everyday people.” Jay Weatherill
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South Australia again leads civic innovation
Successdepends on you, not just the government
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What citizens can do
● Participate!
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What citizens can do
● Participate! ● Bring others to the table
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What citizens can do
● Participate! ● Bring others to the table● Hold public officials accountable for
taking public participation seriously
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What citizens can do
● Participate! ● Bring others to the table● Hold public officials accountable for
taking public participation seriously● Hold yourself and your fellow citizens
accountable for doing your part
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What citizens can do
● Participate! ● Bring others to the table● Hold public officials accountable for
taking public participation seriously● Hold yourself and your fellow citizens
accountable for doing your part
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What’s at stake?
● Public policy that responds to people’s needs
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What’s at stake?
● Public policy that responds to people’s needs
● Government-community-citizen-business partnerships that drive progress on “wicked problems”
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What’s at stake?
● Public policy that responds to people’s needs
● Government-community-citizen-business partnerships that drive progress on “wicked problems”
● Stronger economic growth
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What’s at stake?
● Public policy that responds to people’s needs
● Government-community-citizen-business partnerships that drive progress on “wicked problems”
● Stronger economic growth● Showing the world how to revitalize
democracy
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What’s at stake?
● Public policy that responds to people’s needs
● Government-community-citizen-business partnerships that drive progress on “wicked problems”
● Stronger economic growth● Showing the world how to revitalize
democracy