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Lung cancer is thesecond most commoncancer in the UnitedKingdom .Smoking is byfar the biggest cause oflung cancer. It causesmore than 8 out of 10cases (86%) including asmall proportion causedby exposure to secondhand smoke in nonsmokers (passivesmoking).

Previous lung disease

A family history of lung cancer

Past cancer treatment

Previous smoking related cancers

Lowered immunity

Some side effects ofradiotherapy are caused by itseffect on normal tissue in yourbody. These may include

Tiredness and feeling run down

A sore throat and troubleswallowing

A cough , Hair loss

Chest pain

A temperature and shivering

Feeling sick

Your throat may become sore about 2 to 3 weeks into yourtreatment. It may happen sooner if you are hav ingchemotherapy and radiotherapy together. This soreness canstart quite suddenly, which can be a bit alarming. It is quitecommon to develop a cough during or after radiotherapy forlung cancer. You may have a sticky cough with mucus tobring up. Or you may have a dry, tickly cough. You can askyour doctor or nurse for cough medicine but this may nothelp much. The cough should go away when the treatment isover. You will only get hair loss in the area being treated. Soyou may lose hair on your chest. Or if you are havingradiotherapy to the brain you may lose some hair on yourhead. The hair usually grows back within a few months, but itcan be patchy. Today the need of the hour is to have theyouth be aware and let the youth make others aware tooabout this menance . smoking prevention campaigns haverelevance from long term health effects messages topsychosocial approaches, which attempts to influence youthto be aware of short term consequences of smoking (forexample, bad breath and inability to keep up in sports), raiseconsciousness of social pressures and influences to smoke(for example, parental and peer smoking), and teach youthskills to resist peer pressure to smoke.More recently, severalcampaigns have employed a strategy focused on portrayingthe manipulative behaviour of the tobacco industry. A numberof experimental studies and evaluations of state and nationalcampaigns explore the effectiveness of the psychosocial andcounter-industry strategies.

Dr. S M Shuaib Zaidi,SurgicalOnco logis t , I ndrapra sthaApollo Hospital

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Dr. S M Shuaib Zaidi SurgicalOncologist,Indraprastha Apollo Hospital,throws light on the alarming health concern

H es a y s,Cigarettesmokingis them a i ncauseof lungcancer.B u tp i p ea n dc i g a rsmokersare stillm u c hm o r el i k e l yto getl u n gcancert h a nn o n

smokers. They are also much more likely to getcancer of the mouth or lip.The more you smoke, themore likely you are to get lung cancer but the length oftime you have been a smoker is even more importantthan how many cigarettes you smoke a day. Startingsmoking at a young age is even more harmful than startingas an adult. Stopping smoking reduces your risk of lungcancer compared to continuing to smoke. The sooneryou quit, the better your health - but it's never too late !!!!!Passive smoking (breathing in other people's cigarettesmoke) increases the risk of lung cancer,but it is stillmuch less than if you smoke yourself. In thepast, lung cancer has been more common in men thanwomen. Now, because more women smoke, it isalmost as common in women. Some otherthings increase lung cancer risk. But they increasethe risk by only a small amount and far less thansmoking They are :-

Exposure to radon gas

Exposure to certain chemicals

Air pollution

Smoking - Cause of Lung Cancer

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Breast cancer is cancerthat develops from breasttissue.Signs of breast cancermay include a lump in thebreast, a change in breastshape, dimpling of theskin, fluid coming from thenipple, or a red scalypatch of skin. In those withdistant spread of thedisease, there may bebone pain, swollen lymphnodes, shortness ofbreath, or yellow skin.A study revealed thatIndian women are moreprone to breast cancer.Breast cancer amongyoung women is actuallyfour times higher in India.The prevalence of breastcancer among youngerwomen is as high as 8%-10% as against 2% inWestern countries. Youngpatients with breastcancer have moreaggressive clinical andbiological characteristicsand less favourable

outcome and is linkedmore to geneticpredisposition ascompared with thedisease in older patients.Breast cancer is a kind ofcancer that developsfrom breast cells. Breastcancer usually starts offin the inner lining of milkducts or the lobules thatsupply them with milk. Amalignant tumor canspread to other parts ofthe body. A breast cancerthat started off in thelobules is known aslobular carcinoma, whileone that developed fromthe ducts is called ductalcarcinoma.The vast majority ofbreast cancer casesoccur in females.What causes breastcancer?Experts are not surewhat causes breastcancer. It is hard to saywhy one person developsthe disease while another

does not. We know thatsome risk factors canimpact on a womanslikelihood of developingbreast cancer. These are:Getting older - the older awoman gets, the higher isher risk of developing breastcancer; age is a risk factor.Over 80% of all femalebreast cancers occuramong women aged 50+years (af ter themenopause).Genetics - women who havea close relative who has/hadbreast or ovarian cancer aremore likely to develop breastcancer. If two close familymembers develop thedisease, it does notnecessari ly mean theyshared the genes that makethem more vulnerable,because breast cancer is arelatively common cancer.The majority of breastcancers are not hereditary.Women who carry theBRCA1 and BRCA2 geneshave a considerably higherrisk of developing breastand/or ovarian cancer.These genes can beinherited. TP53, anothergene, is also linked to greaterbreast cancer risk. The average ageof onset of breast canceramong American women is65 years, while it is 55 yearsamong their Indiancounterparts.In India, breast canceraccounts for around 30% ofall cancers in females. By

current estimates, one in25 Indian women willdevelop breast cancer inher lifetime.World HealthOrganization (WHO)predicts that by 2020,one in eight urban Indianwomen will developbreast cancer in herlifetime.Indias National HealthProfile 2011 predicts thatby 2020, breast cancerwill overtake cervicalcancer as the mostcommon type of canceramong women in India.Women in high riskgroups like those withdenser breast tissue andstrong family history ofbreast cancer should getthemselves screenedfrom 40 years. However for generalscreening, Indianwomen should undergoa mammography onceevery two years afterthey reach 50 andyounger women shouldbe screened throughultrasound breastGET YOURSELFTESTEDIf cancer is detected instage 1 the chances ofsurvival is 80%, while itis 20% when diagnosedin stage 3Dr .Chandragouda.D, C o n s u l t a n t -Department of MedicalOncology ,BLK Superspeciality Hospital

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