Agriculture….

When we hear the word “agriculture” what comes to our mind..??I think nature , greenery , farmer , etc . Actually agriculture is a primary activity which includes growing crops , fruits ,vegetables , etc . Farmers have to do farming or agriculture to earn some money for their livelihood .

Arable Land…..The land on which the crops are grown is known as arable land . In farming the important inputs are : seeds , fertilisers , machinery and labour .

Types of farming...Farming can be classified into two main types : •Subsistence farming .•Commercial farming .Subsistence Farming : This type of farming is practised to meet the needs of the farmer’s family . Low levels of technology and household labor are used to produce on small output .Subsistence farming can be further classified as intensive subsistence and primitive subsistence farming .

•Intensive subsistence agricultureIn intensive subsistence agriculture the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour . Rice is the main crop . Other examples are wheat , maize , pulses and oilseeds . Intensive subsistence agriculture is prevalent in the thickly populated areas of the monsoon regions of south , southeast and east Asia .

Primitive Subsistence Farming…Primitive subsistence farming includes shifting cultivation and nomadic herding .•Shifting cultivation : Shifting cultivation is practised in thickly forested areas of Amazon basin , tropical Africa , parts of southeast Asia and northeast India .Shifting cultivation is also known as jhumming , milpa , roca ,ladang ,etc .

•Nomadic herding : Nomadic herding is practised in the semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara , Central Asia and some parts of India like Rajasthan and Jammu Kashmir . In this type of farming , herdsmen move from place to place with their animals for fodder and water , along defined routes . Sheep , camel , yaks and goats are most commonly reared .

Commercial Farming : In commercial farming crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in market . Commercial farming includes commercial grain farming , mixed farming & plantation agriculture .Commercial grain farming : In it crops are grownfor commercial purpose . Wheat and maize are common commercially grown grains .Mixed Farming : In it the land is used for growing food and fodder crops and rearing livestock .It is grown in Europe , Argentina .

Plantation Agriculture : Plantation is a type of commercial farming where single crop of tea , coffee , cashew , etc . Large amount of labour and capital are required .

Major crops : A variety of crops are grown to meet the requirement of the growing population . Crops also supply raw materials for agro based industries . Major crops are rice , wheat , millets , maize , cotton , jute , coffee , tea .

Farm in India : In India farming is done by the traditional methods , by the bullocks , etc .But at some places tractors are also used . Due to agricultural development in India irrigation is done by different methods like drip irrigation , sprinkler system ,etc .Farm in USA : The average size of a farm in the USA is much larger than that of an Indian farm .They use tractors , seed drills ,leveller , combine harvester and thresher to perform various agricultural practices .

The Non-Farming Activities In Indian

Villages

Type Of Non-Farming Activities

DairySmall Scale Manufacturing

ShopkeepersTransport

DAIRY

Dairy Farming is generally a type of subsistence farming system in India, especially in Haryana, the major producer of milk in the country. More than 40% of Indian farming households are engaged in milk production because it is a livestock enterprise in which they can engage with relative ease to improve their livelihoods. In 2001 India became the world leader in milk production with a production volume of 84 million tons. India has about three times as many dairy animals as the USA, which produces around 75 million tons.

Small Scale Manufacturing

In villages manufacturing takes place in a very small scale with simple production methods. People are engaged in the production at their own home or in fields. Laborers are rarely hired. Sugarcane is the most common small scale manufacturing business in palampur village. Some of the people have machines to crush the sugarcanes. Earlier crushing sugarcane was done by the help of bullocks. They crush the sugarcane and produce jaggery and further sell it to traders to make small profits.

Shopkeepers

Shopkeepers play a big role in villages. All day-to-day ,non-agricultural products , are provided in villages in shops. Products from towns and cities like soaps, toothpate,etc. that are needed on daily basis are available at local shops.

Transport

Communicating from village to town for purchasing and selling goods have improved in palampur. Jeep, tractors, bullock carts and bogey's are the transport facilities. They ferry people and goods from village to town and in return get paid for it. The number of people involved in transport have grown in palampur.

Thank you

Created by-: Prashant Kumar

9th (B)