pr.ass.dr. huynh thi lan huong deputy director, institute of meteorology, hydrology and climate...

Pr.Ass.Dr. Huynh Thi Lan Huong

Deputy Director, Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate change

Water Resources Management in Vietnam in the Context of Climate Change - Status and Challenges

Main contents

Impact of climate change on water resources

The status quo of water resources management

Problems of institutional water resources management in the context of climate change

Conclusions and recommendations

Nội dung chính





Thai Binh

F=15.180 km2

W=9,7 km3/ 9,7 km3

Hong

F=155.000 km2

W=127 km3/ 78,6 km3

Ca

F=27.200 km2

W=23,1 km3/ 18,6 km3

Thu Bồn

F=10.350km2

W=20,4 km3/20,4 km3

Ba

F=13.900m2

W=9,9 km3/9,9 km3

Dong Nai

F=44.100m2

W=36,3km3/33,3 km3

7 RIVER BASINS

Tỉ lệ % dòng chảy các lưu

vực sông

Me Kong

F=79.500km2

W=500 km3

Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources

Flood

Water use Water Quality

AgricultureDrought

Groundwater

Flow

Hydropower

EnvironmentSalinity intrusion

Yên Bái

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1980-1999 2020-2039 2040-2059 2060-2079 2080-2099

Thời kỳ

∆Q

(%

)

A2

B2

Yên Bái – sông ThaoYên Bái – sông Thao

Mức biến đổi dòng chảy năm (%)

Tạ Bú

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1980-1999 2020-2039 2040-2059 2060-2079 2080-2099

Thời kỳ

∆Q

(%

)

A2

B2

Tạ Bú – sông ĐàTạ Bú – sông Đà


Trị An

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

1980-1999 2020-2039 2040-2059 2060-2079 2080-2099

Thời kỳ

∆Q

(%

)

A2

B2

Trị An – sông Đồng NaiTrị An – sông Đồng Nai


Changes in Annual Flows

Sources: Tran Thục, Tran Thanh Xuan, Hoang Minh Tuyen, 2011

Flooding

Diện tích ngập lụt hạ lưu sông Thu Bồn, lũ dạng 1999, kịch bản B2

70000

71000

72000

73000

74000

75000

76000

Nền 2020-2039 2040-2059 2060-2079 2080-2099Thời kỳ

F n

gập

(h

a)

0

2

4

6

8

10

DF

(%

)

F (ha)

DF (%)

Diện tích ngập lụt hạ lưu sông Ba, lũ dạng 1993, kịch bản B2

38000

39000

40000

41000

42000

Nền 2020-2039 2040-2059 2060-2079 2080-2099

Thời kỳ

F n

gập

(h

a)

0

2

4

6

8

DF

(%

)

F (ha)

DF (%)

Diện tích ngập lụt hạ lưu sông Đồng Nai, lũ dạng 2000, kịch bản B2

240000

260000

280000

300000

Nền 2020 – 2039 2040 – 2059 2060 - 2079 2080 - 2099

Thời kỳ

F n

gập

(h

a)

04

812

1620

DF (%)

F (ha)

DF (%)

In the Red River system:

Despite reservoirs having regulation and cut flood, big flooding combine with sea level rise, at the end of the 21st century, the highest flood levels on the Red River in Hanoi will exceed the alarm 3 (11.5 m) is 0.5 m if there is a flood situations like floods in 1996. Sources: Tran Thục, Tran Thanh Xuan, Hoang Minh Tuyen, 2011

Salinity intrusion

At the end of the 21st century, penetration depth corresponding to 1 ‰ salt concentration can rise above 20 km on the rivers: Dong Nai River, Tien and Hau River; approximately 10 km upon Thai Binh River.

B2 ScenarioSLR 15 cm B2 Scenario

SLR 25 cm

B2 ScenarioSLR 30 cm


Water Demand

Thay đổi nhu cầu nước tưới, tính theo diện tích tưới hiện trạng, kịch bản B2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1980-1999 2020-2039 2040-2059 2060-2079 2080-2099

Period

DW

RQ

(%)

Hồng-Thái Bình

Cả

Thu Bồn

Ba

Đồng Nai

Thời kỳ

Thay đổi nhu cầu nước tưới, tính theo diện tích tưới quy hoạch 2020, kịch bản B2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1980-1999 2020-2039 2040-2059 2060-2079 2080-2099

Period

DW

RQ

(%)

Hồng-Thái Bình

CảThu Bồn

BaĐồng Nai

Thời kỳ

Climate change will make the temperature and potential evaporation increases, reducing rainfall in the dry season above all river basin, irrigation water demand tends to increase in all basins


Main Contents





Institution and Law

Establishment of the National Council on Water Resources: advising the Government of important decisions on water resources

1998 2000 2006 2012

Law on Water Resources No. 17:- Clearly defined responsibilities of the state agency is the MONRE- Additional regulations on the rational exploitation of water resources, water-saving, efficiency ensure sustainable extraction of water resources in the context of climate change and sea level rise

Law on Water Resources No. 08:- MARD perform the functions of state management of water resources- Focus on the protection of water quality, especially surface water, no specific provisions for the protection of water quantity, prevention and degradation, depletion of water resources- Lack of regulations on extraction, using synthetic water, multi-purpose water resources

National Strategy on Water Resources 2020: Protection, effective extraction, sustainable development of water resources is based on national integrated management; improve the efficiency of cooperation, ensuring harmony of interests among countries sharing the water resources with Vietnam

Institution and Law

The main articles related to climate change in Law on Water Resources No. 17

Article Contents

Article 12: Baseline survey of water resources

Assessment, warning, forecasting the impact of climate change on water resources, abnormal changes in the quantity and quality of water resources and the damage caused by water

Article 14: Water Resource Strategy

Strategic planning of water resources must be based on the results of the baseline survey, forecasting water resources, predict the impact of climate change on water resources

Article 17: Based on water resources planning

The status quo of natural, economic - social and specific conditions of each watershed, regional, practical potential of water resources and to predict the impact of climate change on water resources.

Article 53: Reservoir and extraction, using reservoir

Reservoir capacity available to perform each task of the reservoir in normal weather conditions and extreme weather conditions, taking into account factors of climate change

Institution and Law

The main articles related to climate change in Law on Water Resources No. 17

Article Contents

Article 60: Prevention, cope with drought, flood, inundation

The process of reservoir operation, operating procedures multi-reservoir to maintain a minimum flow, prevention of floods, droughts, water shortages in downstream and arranged capacity to ensure the implementation of the reservoir missions, including the capacity for flood prevention, water safety in normal weather conditions and extreme weather conditions, changes in water quality, taking into account factors of Climate Change.

Sắp xếp thể chế

GovernmentWater resources management

MONRE (DWRM)

- State management on WR;- River basin management

Ministries and other Agencies

People’s Committee of Province (Departments)

National Committee on Water Resources

Cooperation

Advisory

People’s Committee of districts and communes

River Basin Organization Propose the regulation and distribution of water resources, monitoring of fishing activities, use and protection of water resources, prevention and remedial damage caused by water on one or several basins inter-provincial river;

Cooperation


The water resources management in Vietnam are explained preliminary as follows:Government level Vietnam has 4 national administrative levels:

+ Government+ Province and city+ District+ Commune

Advising the Government on the water resources management (water resources law), the National Council on Water Resources. Council office located in the MONRE.

Ministry level:According to the decision of the Prime Minister, there are Ministries related to water resources including:


+ Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development+ Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment+ Ministry of Planning and Investment+ Ministry of Industry and Trade+ Ministry of Science and Technology+ Ministry of Construction+ Ministry of Transport+ Ministry of Finance Provincial levelDepartment's belong to People’s Committee River Basin levelOrganizations Basin have been identified in the Law on Water Resources called River Basin Planning Management Board.

Before Present

• Focusing on the development and extraction of natural resources

• The management is dispersal in the ministries

• The management has given the MONRE is responsible for implementing the policy, strategic management of national water resources

• The impact of climate change

Phân tích các vấn đề về thể chế

Analysis of institutional issues

• Don't have documents guiding the implementation of Law on Water Resources

• Still overlap in the tasks related to the water resources management between the Ministries

• Human resource management in the state apparatus in the local (provincial and district) is a weak point in the organization system and water resources management

Need to strengthen institutional capacity

Need to build early bylaws; All countries use of water resources on a river basin need to build scenarios

using and protecting water resources in the context of sustainable development, climate change adaptation;

Need to enhance communication and exchange of information between multilateral and bilateral organizations with different river basins;

Solving the water changes such as floods and drought, salinity intrusion, ... due to the impact of climate change;

Develop training programs to improve the workforce of water sector at all levels. In addition, there should be a long term strategy to raise awareness for the water resources protection of stakeholders, from local governments, investors and communities;

Strengthening institutional capacity, especially as staff management, monitoring, policy makers in the country; Develop an appropriate management system, ensuring equitable use on water rights..

Institutional strengthening and capacity building managers of water resources sector at all levels is targeted towards a very important of water use in the context of climate change and water resources inherently unstable.

In recent years, institutional management of water resources Vietnam has been enhanced and improved. Law on Water Resources 2012 came into being as an important framework for water resources management. The bylaws guide the implementation of the Law is currently under construction.


The management has given the MONRE is responsible for implementing the policies, management strategies, national water resources. However, it is still necessary to revise the existing problems in the organization and water resources management to reduce the overlap

Immediate and future, integrated water resources management more difficult, especially in the context of climate change and sea level rise, the MONRE need to coordinate with other ministries and agencies to make strategies, action plans and appropriate roadmap to promote the water resources management


THANK YOU

pr.ass.dr. huynh thi lan huong deputy director, institute of meteorology, hydrology and climate...

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