Praxis II Review Session #3:Social Studies

Dr. Meg MonaghanMarch 6, 2013

Today’s Agenda:• The Nation Expands• Civil War• Reconstruction• World War I• Great Depression• World War II• Cold War– Korean War– Vietnam War

The Nation Expands

• President Jefferson buys all of French holdings from Napoleon for $15 million in 1803

• Doubles the size of the US, adds all or part of 13 states to the country

• Jefferson hires Lewis and Clark to lead an expedition into the territory- Sacagawea

War of 1812• Tensions with Britain escalating (still have territory

in Canada)• Impressment of sailors• Confrontations in the west- Tecumseh (Shawnee)

funded by Britain• President Madison declares war• Washington burns, Dolly Madison saves precious

artifacts including George Washington’s portrait• Treaty of Ghent- Not much gained • Nationalism, identity, strength

Growth and Change

• Election of 1816- James Monroe– US wants Spanish Florida– Spain distracted by rebellions in Latin American

holdings– US recognized new nations

• Monroe Doctrine– Any attempt to regain former colonies or establish

new ones in western hemisphere would be seen as a threat to US peace and safety

Westward Expansion

“It is our manifest destiny to overspread and topossess the whole of the continent which

Providence has given us for the development ofthe great experiment of liberty and federated

self-government entrusted to us”“Manifest Destiny”

John O’Sullivan, editor ofthe New York Post, arguing

for the annexation of Texas,July, 1845

Mexican-American War• Election of 1844• James K. Polk• Annexation of Texas, 1845• Texas boundary dispute

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848– U.S. added over 1 million square miles of land– Present-day TX, NM, AZ, CA, NV, UT, +)

The new territories brought into the Union forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics.

These new territories would upset the balance of powerbetween North and South.

Oregon Trail

Civil War (1861-1865)

• Territorial expansion upsets the balance of power between slave and free states– Missouri Compromise (1820) 36, 30– Annexation of Texas– Popular sovereignty – Compromise of 1850 – Kansas-Nebraska Act (repeals Missouri

compromise)

Civil War (1861-1865)• Economic and Cultural Differences

• North– Industrial economy

• South– Agricultural economy– Cotton boom!– 4 million slaves by 1860

Civil War• Abolitionist Movement– Frederick Douglass

• Fugitive Slave from Maryland• American Anti-Slavery Society• Speaker, publisher “Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass”, “The North

Star”– William Lloyd Garrison

• White New Englander• Launched “The Liberator” in 1831• Slavery was a sin that contradicted the Bible and the Declaration of

Independence– John Brown

• Radical abolitionist• Pottawatomie Massacre “Bleeding Kansas”• Attack on Harper’s Ferry Hanged

Civil War• Notable women:

• Harriet Tubman– Underground Railroad– Born a slave in 1821, escaped in 1849– Freed more than 300 slaves, including her parents

• Harriet Beecher Stowe– Published “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” in 1852– “So you’re the little woman who started this great war” –Lincoln

• Seneca Falls Convention, 1848

Civil War• Fugitive Slave Act – Federal crime to assist runaway slaves– Escaped slaves had to be arrested and returned, even if

found in free states

• Dred Scott case– Dred Scott sues for his freedom after his owner’s death– Living in Illinois– Justice Taney denies suit, ruling prevents federal

government from limiting the spread of slavery

Civil War• Abraham Lincoln elected in 1860– SECESSION!

• Jefferson Davis- President of Confederacy– South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia,

Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas secede by 1861

• Fort Sumter, April 1861 WAR!

Civil War• North has greater population, more

manufacturing, weapons

• South has better generals

Civil War• Gettysburg Address

– Over 51, 000 casualties at Battle of Gettysburg in 1863– Address given in November 1863 to consecrate the burial ground– Classic statement of democratic ideals

• Emancipation Proclamation– After victory at Antietam, 1862– Abolishes slavery in the Confederacy….?

• 13th Amendment- Abolishes slavery• 14th Amendment- Rights of citizens, due process, and equal protection• 15th Amendment- Suffrage for African American men

Reconstruction

• South (Lee) surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse to North (Grant) in April 1865

• Lincoln is killed April 14, 1865

• Plessy versus Ferguson, 1896– “Separate, but equal”

Immigration

• Industrialization and foreign affairs (i.e. Irish potato famine, wars, etc.) lead to population explosions in cities

• Irish, German, Dutch, Swiss, Italian, Russian, Polish, Greek, Slovak

• From Civil War to WWI, population increased ten fold

Progressivism

• “Robber barons”, unsanitary, unsafe working conditions, child labor, tenement living

• Belief that government should have a greater role in addressing social injustices

• Labor laws, union formation, education reform, Prohibition

American Imperialism• Spanish-American War

– Cuba– Remember the Maine!– Fighting in Philippines, Cuba– TDR, Rough Riders– Spain gives up Cuba, PR, and Guam to US

• Panama Canal, 1904-1914– Between Caribbean and Pacific Ocean

• Theodore Roosevelt, “Big Stick Policy”– Threatened to enforce Monroe Doctrine in Dominican Republic

World War I (1914/1917-1918)• M- Militarism• A- Alliances• I- Imperialism• N- Nationalism

• Allied Powers- Britain, France, Russia• Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

• US Isolationism– Sinking of the Lusitania– Zimmerman note– Wilson declares war in April, 1917

1920’s• Harlem Renaissance

– Zora Neale Hurston– Langston Hughes

• Prohibition– 18th Amendment– 21st Amendment, repeals 18th

• Mass Production– Assembly line- Henry Ford

• Women’s Suffrage– 19th Amendment

• Bull Market– Prosperity, upward trend in stock prices

Great Depression

• Buying stock on “margin” (borrowed money)– “Bear market”– Stock Mark Crash of October 1929– Banking crisis, unemployment– President Hoover “Hoovervilles”– Strains on family– Dust Bowl

• FDR and New Deal– “Alphabet soup” (CCC, TVA, FDIC, SEC, Social Security)– Greater role of federal government in peoples’ lives

World War II (1939/1941-1945)• Causes:

– World War I– Global depression– Scapegoating– Appeasement– Totalitarianism (Italy, Germany, Russia, Spain)

• Allied Powers- Great Britain, France, Russia, USA• Axis Powers- Germany, Italy, Japan

• US enters in 1941, Pearl Harbor– Japanese Internment- 119,000 people (California, Oregon, Washington)

• War ends with Atomic Bombs, 1945– Hiroshima, Nagasaki

• “Baby Boom”– Between 1946-1956 elementary school enrollments grew by 37%

Cold War (1940’s-1980’s)• Tensions between USA and USSR (Russia) at end of WWII-

political, economic, with constant threat of all out war

• Communism versus Democracy/Capitalism

• Containment– Korean War, Vietnam War

• “McCarthyism”– Senator Joseph McCarthy – Demagogue

Questions??

• Watch Geography review video• Use study guide