Pre-Civil War

By Snow Zhu #34

and Christine Li #18

Directions: Identify the correct sentence pattern!

Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 also introduced popular

sovereignty for slavery in the Mexican Cession as well as

the Fugitive Slate Act of 1850, a proposal in which

government officials could arrest anyone accused of being

a runaway slave.

In September of 1850, Congress passed five bills based on

the proposals of Henry Clay.

California was admitted to the Union as a free state, and

slave trade was banned in Washington D.C. in order to

please the North.

Even though both the North and the South were mostly

pleased, the Fugitive Slave Act angered the North and

enlarged the gap between the North and the South.

PP, IC

IC, conj., IC

DC, IC

IC, Appositive

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

Northerners were astonished by the

cruelty of slavery; however, the South

accused it of being propaganda and

claimed that it was false, misleading

information.

In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, daughter of an

escaped abolitionist, published Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

This novel showed the horrors of

slavery in the South.

PP, IC

(Appositive)

IC PP

Semicolon

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Hoping to hold the majority, both proslavery and antislavery

settlers started flooding in.

In 1854, Stephan Douglas wanted to develop the western

lands and build a railroad, so he suggested forming two

new territories called Kansas and Nebraska.

Even though the Missouri Compromise said that they

would enter as free states, he proposed that slavery

would be determined by popular sovereignty instead.

As violence developed, people came in illegally

to vote, and the North thought that Douglas had

betrayed them.

IC, conj. IC

DC, IC

DC, IC, conj. IC

Present

participial

phrase

Dred Scott Decision (1857)

He stated that blacks were not citizens, and slaves were

property; additionally, Congress did not have the power

to prohibit slavery, so the Missouri Compromise was

not constitutional.

Dred Scott, an enslaved African American, sued for

his freedom because he lived in a free state.

As the case reached the Supreme Court, Chef Justice

Roger B. Taney argued that Scott wasn’t free and thus

could not sue.

Even though the South rejoiced, the North was stunned,

and Abraham Lincoln spoke out against the decision.

Appositive

DC, IC

DC, IC, conj. IC

Semicolon

Lincoln – Douglas Debates (1858)

While Douglas defended popular sovereignty, Lincoln

took a stand against the spread of slavery.

In 1858, the Republicans chose Lincoln, a lawyer

from Illinois, to run for Senate against Douglas.

Before the election began, Lincoln challenged Douglas

to a series of public debates on the issue of slavery.

Lincoln and Douglas would be rivals again for the

presidency two years later even though Douglas won

the Senate election.

Appositive

PP, IC

IC DC

DC, IC

Harper’s Ferry (1859)

Mourning Brown’s death, the North shocked the South

because they were praising someone who tried to lead a

slave revolt.

Determined and rebellious, John Brown led an

army to attack the town of Harper’s Ferry in

Virginia to seize ammunition.

However, Robert E. Lee’s troops surrounded them,

and Brown was captured and sentenced to death.

adj. conj. adj., IC

IC, conj. IC

Present

participial

phrase

The North and South

While the South was dominated by agriculture, the

North relied on commerce and industry to bring in a

wholesome income.

Needed in the South, slaves were owned by

25% of southerners in 1860.

Contrary to the South, the North favored free labor,

national sovereignty, and high tariffs.

Plentiful but conflicting, the differences between the

North and South escalated into the War Between the

States.

Past

participial

phrase

Parallel

structure

adj. conj. adj., IC

DC, IC

Life for Blacks

Many slaves tried to rebel and escaped to freedom,

but they would not officially free until the Civil War.

Before the Civil War, life for slaves was truly a

hardship.

Slaves owned few possessions and had little control over

their lives; every day they worked on plantations planting,

harvesting, and removing weeds.

PP, IC

Semicolon

IC, conj. IC

Lincoln Elected President (1860)

As Lincoln became president of an uncertain nation in

1861, his offers of peace and friendship were turned

down by the South.

Abraham Lincoln, an abolitionist, was

chosen by the Republicans to be a

candidate for the election of 1860.

Running against Douglas, Bell, and Breckinridge.

Lincoln won only 40% of the popular votes but

received enough electoral votes to win the election.

Appositive

Present

participial

phrase

DC, IC

Confederacy Forms and Civil War Starts

With Senator Jefferson Davis as their leader, these

seven states formed the Confederate States of

America.

Lincoln’s election angered the South to believe

that they no longer carried a voice in their

government.

South Carolina, the first state to secede, started a

domino effect of seceding states.

IC PP

Appositive

PP, IC