pre-design geotechnical evaluation of the oii superfund site
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Pre-Design Geotechnical Evaluation of the OII Superfund Site. 11th th Ralph B. Peck Lecture by Edward Kavazanjian, Jr. Ph.D., P.E. Arizona State University for WasteMINZ New Zealand 15 October 2009. Ralph B. Peck (1912-2008). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Pre-Design Geotechnical Evaluation
of the OII Superfund Site11thth Ralph B. Peck Lectureby
Edward Kavazanjian, Jr. Ph.D., P.E.Arizona State University
forWasteMINZ New Zealand
15 October 2009
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Ralph B. Peck (1912-2008)
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
The Operating Industries, Inc. Landfill
“A unique urban hazard”
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
A Unique Urban HazardHazardous WasteSteep North Slope
–60 m-tall, 1.5H:1V–Adjacent to SR-60 (Pomona Freeway)
Proximity to Homes to the South–MSE Toe Buttress
Seismic Exposure
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Steep North Slope, Freeway Proximity1.5H:1V average, 1.3H:1V maximum slope,
rising 60 m above grade
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
South Slope Toe Buttress (1987)
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
1987 Whittier M 5.9 Narrows Earthquake
The “Big Bend”
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Earthquake-Induced Cracks on Benches
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Pre-Design Scope of WorkReview / Synthesize Available InformationField InvestigationLaboratory Test ProgramLimit Equilibrium Stability AnalysisSeismic Hazard AnalysisSeismic Response and Deformation AnalysisStatic Deformation AnalysisToe Buttress InvestigationFindings / Recommendations for Closure Design
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Review / Synthesis of Available InformationBottom Contours of Quarry
East End Interim CoverSouthwest Corner Liquid Co-DisposalToe Buttress ConstructionInclinometer DataPrevious Geotechnical StudiesStrong Motion Records1992 Cover Failure
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
MSW Properties: Shear Strength
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Field InvestigationSASW Survey3 x 34-inch (840-mm) Diameter Borings to
155 ft (47 m)– Waste Characterization– In Situ Unit Weight Tests– Video Logging
20-ft (6-m) Deep Test TrenchToe Buttress Condition SurveyCover Soil Investigation
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Field Exploration Plan
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Vibroseis for SASW Testing
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Sampling and Testing Intervals
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Large Diameter Bucket Auger Borings
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Field Classification Scheme
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Field Logging
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Waste Degradation
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
20 30 40 50 60 70 8050
40
30
20
10
0
Dep
th, m
Temperature, OC
BA-1 BA-2 BA-3
Waste Temperature
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
In Situ Unit Weight Testing1. Auger and collect waste
3. Place tremie pipe in borehole
2. Weigh waste
4. Fill with gravel of known unit weight
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
In Situ Unit Weight Results
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Downhole Video Logging
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Downhole Video Logging
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Downhole Video Logging
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
On-Site LaboratoryReconstituted 18-inch (454-mm) Diameter
SpecimensConsolidometer, Direct Shear, Cyclic Simple
ShearLess than1 yr for Design and Fabrication
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Cyclic Simple Shear Device
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Lab Sample Characterization
Bulk Sample Sorted Sample
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Consolidation Test Results
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Direct Shear Results
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Cyclic Simple Shear Tests
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Cyclic Simple Shear Test Results
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Strong Motion Instrumentation
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Quad-4M Seismic Response Model
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
13 October 2004
Wastecon 2004
35
Back Analysis of Seismic Response
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
MSW Modulus Reduction and Damping
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Limit Equilibrium Analysis
Static Analysis–Horizontal Planes of Weakness–Perched Water Levels –Cover Veneer Failures
Pseudo-Static Analysis–Yield Acceleration
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Cover Veneer Stability
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Seismic Response Analysis
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Seismic Deformation Curves
Typical range of waste mass seismic displacements
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Static Deformation Analysis30-yr Performance of Final Cover
– Drainage– Cracking
30-yr Performance of Toe Buttress– Static (followed by seismic)
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Vertical and Lateral Displacments
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Toe Buttress AnalysisGlobal Stability
–Limit Equilibrium FS = 2.6Internal Stability
–Finite Element Analysis (GeoFEAP)• Static: Imposed Deformations• Pseudo-Static: Seismic Coefficient
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Toe Buttress Displacements
Measured Projected
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Toe Buttress Performance Analysis
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Toe Buttress Analysis Results
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Findings / Recommendations1. The Waste Mass Meets Stability Criteria
– Static and Seismic2. Large Static Deformations are Expected
– Continuous Maintenance3. Toe Buttress Should Maintain Its Integrity
– Long Term Settlement plus Seismic Loading 4. Cover Stability is a Major Concern
– Particularly the Steep North Slope
LESSONS LEARNED1. MSW is Pretty Strong Stuff
– Stronger than Often Assumed in Practice 2. MSW can be Pretty Heavy
– Unit Weight Greater than Typically Assumed– Unit Weight can be Very High if Saturated
3. MSW Cyclic Degradation is Slow– Potential for Significant Seismic Amplification
4. MSW is Anisotropic– Preferred Horizontal Orientation
5. MSW Deformation is Non-Homogeneous
CONTRIBUTIONS TO PRACTICE1. In Situ Unit Weight Test Method2. Field Classification System for Waste3. Data on Waste Composition4. MSW Shear Strength Envelope5. Compositional Effects on Strength,
Compressibility 6. MSW Shear Wave Velocity Measurements7. MSW Modulus Reduction and Damping
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Acknowledgements
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
THANK YOU!
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
References1. Matasovic,and Kavazanjian, (1998), “Cyclic Characterization of OII
Landfill Solid Waste,” JGGE2. Zornberg and Kavazanjian, (2001). "Prediction of the Performance
of a Geogrid-Reinforced Slope Founded on Solid Waste." Soils and Foundations,
3. Kavazanjian, Matasovic, and Bachus, (1999), “Large-Diameter Static and Cyclic Laboratory Testing of Municipal Solid Waste,” Sardinia ‘99.
4. Avsar, Bouazza, Kavazanjian, Öztürk (2003) “Interpolation of Solid Waste Shear Wave Velocity Using Geostatistics,” XIIIth ECSMGE
5. Kavazanjian, Matasovic, and Caldwell (1998), “Damage Criteria for Solid Waste Landfills,” Proc. 6th U.S. NCEE
OII data is included in 17 additional Journal and Conference papers, 1 CDMG special report, and 1 additional Journal paper submitted for publication.