pre finals evidence

8/19/2019 Pre Finals Evidence

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WHY IS IT ALLOWED?

IN THE CIVIL SERVICECOMMISSION – IF THE MORALCHARACTER IS NOT THE ISSUE

IN THE CASE, the specifc actscannot be used to po!e the"oa# chaacte because theaccused $ou#d be pe%udiced ashe $ou#d not be pepaed to"eet the specifc acts intendin&to po!e the "oa# chaacte'Second( since the acts ae notthe !e) issue to the case, it$ou#d on#) c#utte the issue*ecods o+ the case because the

case is on#) about the paticu#aact so it $ou#d cause con+usion' Thid( because o+ the con+usion,it $ou#d esu#t in the unduede#a) o+ the disposition o+ thecase' That is $h) it is notad"issib#e' So on#) e!idence o+ &enea# eputation o+ the pesonconcened'

BUT IF THE MORAL

CHARACTER IS THE VERY FACT IN ISSUE thee cannot bean) pe%udice because he ispesu"ed to "eet the issue'And since it is the !e) issue inthe case it $i## not c#utte thecase and $ou#d not esu#t in theundue de#a) because e!e)thin&$ou#d be #i"ited to that acta#one'

PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE

Depends on the knd o! e"den#e$

Test%on&' ( p)esent*tnessDo#+%ent , o-.e#t ( p)esentthe o-.e#t o) do#+%ent

Se#ton / )+'e /012 A *tness

s )e3+)ed to test!4 o)&''42E5#ept ! the *tness sn#&p&#t&ted to spe&k o)the 3+eston )e3+)es&nothe) %ode o! &ns*e) o))e3+)es the +se o! &6d&"ts2

iect, coss, e-diect, e-coss,shou#d be done oa##) but $iththe enact"ent o+ the %udicia#

a.da!it u#e, diect e/a"ination

shou#d be done thou&ha.da!its, coss-e/a"ination, e-diect, and e-coss ae doneoa##)'

So $hen )ou pesent a $itness$ith a %udicia# a.da!it, insteado+ as0in& hi" diect e/a"ination1uestions, %ust as0 hi" toidenti+) the a.da!it and that$i## ta0e the p#ace o+ diecte/a"ination' In the pocess o+ as0in& 1uestions, thee ae1uestions $hich ae not a##o$ed,the u#es "ention 2 t)pes o+ ob%ectionab#e 1uestions, (34

Leadin& 24 Mis#eadin&

Leadin&- a 1uestion thatsu&&ests to the $itness theans$e desied b) thee/a"inin& pat)'

The e5ect is that the e/a"inin&counse# is the one ans$ein&the 1uestion, not the $itness' This is not a##o$ed in diect

e/a"ination because o+ thee#ationship bet$een thepoponent and the $itness' The)6e supposed to be on thesa"e side, on the sa"e tea"and the #i0e#ihood that the$itness $i## %ust conf" the1uestion o+ the counse#'

Inst&n#es *hen t s &''o*ed$

3' In coss-e/a"ination- it isencoua&ed because )ou$i## #ead the $itness into atap' Rathe than as0in&open-ended 1uestions$hich $i## &i!e the $itnessan oppotunit) to e/p#ain'

Ho$ do )ou a!oid #eadin&1uestions7 The best $a) is toas0 open-ended 1uestions (

$hat, ho$, $hen, $ho'

2' Concenin& pe#i"ina)"attes – as #on& as itdoes not &o into the &ist o+ the testi"on) o+ the$itness'

8' iect e/a"ination o+ ahosti#e $itness – it isencoua&ed because it is



as i+ )ou ae conductin&coss- e/a"ination'

9hat "a0es a $itnesshosti#e7

9itness shou#d be dec#aedb) the cout as hosti#e$itness, )ou ha!e toestab#ish the hosti#echaacte o+ the $itness'

Ho$7

:) sho$in& the $itness6ad!ese inteest, o b)

sho$in& that the $itness has"is#ead )ou into ca##in& hi"as $itness and has tuneda&ainst )ou be+oe thepesentation o+ )oue!idence, and b) sho$in&uneasonab#e e#uctance totesti+)'

;' I+ the $itness is thead!ese pat)

Ad!ese pat) $itness – thead!ese pat)' <ou ae thep#ainti5, )ou ca## thede+endant as )ou $itness'oes not need dec#aation b)the cout, bein& the ad!esepat), it is pesu"ed that heis hosti#e' No need to po!ethe 8 "entioned +o hosti#e$itness'

Hosti#e $itness – e1uiesdec#aation o+ the cout'

:oth ae the poponent6s$itnesses, )ou conduct thediect e/a"ination and e!eni+ )ou e"p#o) #eadin&1uestions that is sti## a##o$edin diect e/a"inationbecause the $itness is not onthe side o+ the poponent'

The) "a) be coss-e/a"inedb) the ad!ese pat) thathappens to be his o$ncounse#' The on#) LIMITATIONIS IN THE CROSS-E=AMINATION SHOUL :EONL< LIMITE IN MATTERSCONTAINE IN THEE>IENCE-IN-CHIEF'

The u#e is that the poponent"a) not i"peach is o$n$itness, i+ )ou pesent )ou$itness )ou ae dee"ed toha!e !ouched the honest)

and cedibi#it) o+ the $itnessand )ou assue the cout that)ou $itness is honest' Theu#e pohibits the poponent+o" disceditin& his o$n$itness, )ou cannot po!ethat he is a #ia, o a peson$ithout inte&it)' E=CE?TIONIS 9HEN HE IS AHOSTILE*A>ERSE ?ART<9ITNESS -+t the4 #&nnot

-e %pe&#hed on the7)o+nd o! -&d %o)&'#h&)&#te)2 The4 #&n -e%pe&#hed n &n4 othe)%odes e5#ept o! e"den#eo! -&d %o)&' #h&)&#te) ,)ep+t&ton !o) t)+th8honest48 nte7)t4 s -&d2

ORDER OF E9AMINATION

3' IRECT E=AMINATION –e/a"ination popounded b)a pat) $ho ca##s the $itnessto the stand' Co!ea&e is on"attes e#e!ant to the caseo the so ca##ed e!idence-in-chie+' I+ )ou ae the p#ainti5 )ou po!e )ou cause o+ action'

2' CROSS-E=AMINATION

2 ?UR?OSES

3' estucti!e pupose – i+ )ou intend to de"o#ish odesto) the testi"on) o+ the $itness'

2' Constucti!e pupose –)ou use the testi"on) o+ the $itness to )ouad!anta&e'

Coss e/a"ination is not on#)e#ated to the diect, o "attesconnected theeto, but it "a)a#so co!e AN<THIN@ :EARIN@U?ON THE ISSUE SO LON@ AS ITIS RELE>ANT TO THE FACT INISSUE E>EN IF IT IS NOT TAENIN THE IRECT'

So i+ a $itness testifes that he

$as pesent duin& the



e/ecution o+ the po"isso)note, in the coss )ou can as0about pa)"ent, o he $aspesent in si&nin& the eceipt,"attes that $ee not touched

duin& the diect' :ecausepa)"ent is a "atte $hich ise#e!ant to the issue o+ the case,it "a) be a##o$ed in coss,pecise#) – constucti!e pupose' <ou test the bias, i##-$i## o+ the$itness and so on and so +oth'

<ou e"e"be the thee( 3'Obse!ation, "e"o),tans"ission these ae the

"attes )ou can e/p#oe in thecoss'

RE-IRECT- co!es "attesta0en up duin& the coss thepupose is to e/p#ain osupp#e"ent the ans$e' I+ as aesu#t o+ the coss so"e aspectso+ the testi"on) $ee sha0enthat needs to be e/p#ained,that6s the oppotunit) +o )ou to

supp#e"ent the ans$e'

RE-CROSS E=AMINATION –pupose is to de"o#ish o toe#icit +a!oab#e ad"issions on"attes ta0en on the e-diect'E/ception is "attes not ta0enup at the discetion o+ the cout'

AUTHENTICATION ANDPROOF OF DOCUMENTS

Ho$ do )ou po!e docu"enta)e!idence in cout7

T$o docu"ents3' ?ub#ic – enu"eated in

section 3B u#e 382'Recods o+ o.cia# acts o$itten o.cia# acts o+ theso!eei&n authoit),o.cia# bodies and

tibuna#s $hethe o+ the?hi#ippines o o+ a +oei&ncount)'

ocu"entsac0no$#ed&ed be+oe anota) pub#ic

?ub#ic ecods 0ept in the?hi#ippines o+ pi!atedocu"ents e1uied b)

#a$ to be enteed theein'

DE/a"p#e is bithcetifcate4

2' ?i!ate – not co!eedunde the abo!e

"entioned'

Un#i0e in ci"ina# #a$, thee aeo.cia# and co""ecia#docu"ents'

Authentication as app#ied indocu"enta) e!idence – po!in&the &enuineness and duee/ecution o+ the docu"ent, Inob%ect - pocess o+ po!in& that

the ob%ect is the !e) ob%ectused in the conto!es)'

TN( Authentication app#ies on#)i+ the docu"ent is pi!ate'

I+ )ou pesent a docu"ent undesection 3B, )ou on#) pesent itand po!e its e/istence but notauthenticate it :ECAUSE the)ae pesu"ed to be &enuine and

authentic, it en%o)s thepesu"ption o+ e&u#ait)'

Ho* do 4o+ p)o"e & p+-'#do#+%ent?

It depends on the 0ind o+ pub#icdocu"ent in!o#!ed, $hethe it ispaa&aph a, b o c' I+ it +a##sunde paa&aph a Decods o+ o.cia# acts o $itten o.cia#

acts o+ the so!eei&n authoit),o.cia# bodies and tibuna#4

:)(

3' o.cia# pub#ication – in ou %uisdiction the o.cia#&aette'

2' Cop)'

9h) cop)7 :ecause "a)be the

oi&ina# "a) not be ta0en out o+ its custod) because pub#icecods ae not usua##) ta0enout o+ its custod)' In e#ation tothe :ER, i+ it consists o+ pub#icdocu"ents, the cetifed tuecop) is the seconda) e!idence'

Unde section 2; in e#ation tosec' 2, i+ that docu"ent +a##sunde paa&aph a, i+ 0ept



outside the ?hi#ippines, theeae e1uie"ents(

3' I+ it is a cop) it has to beacco"panied b) an

attestation to be e/ecutedb) the #e&a# custodiancontainin& a state"entthat it6s a +aith+u# cop) o+ the oi&ina#'

2' I+ 0ept outside the?hi#ippines, "ust beacco"panied b) acetifcation issued b) theconsu#a o.ce o+ the?hi#ippines in that count)

$ith a state"ent that thepeson $ho issued thecetifcation is the #e&a#custodian and authoiedto issue such cetifcation'

Not a## ae needed to beacco"panied $ith acetifcation, the on#)e1uie"ent +o a consu#a

cetifcation is i+ thedocu"ent is WRITTENOFFICIAL ACTS, RECORDSOF OFFICIAL ACTS OF THESOVEREI:N AUTHORITY ;PARA:RAPH A<8 ! kept nthe Ph'ppnes8 no %o)eneed !o) #e)t=#&ton2 >R+'n7 n He)s o! &-s''&"2 teodo)&2

He)s o! %edn& #&se snot #onsstent *th thee5p)ess '&n7+&7e o! the)+'es2

Supposed the pub#icdocu"ent is a docu"entac0no$#ed&ed be+oe anota) pub#ic7 Gust pesentthe docu"ent, thecetifcation si&ned b) the

nota) pub#ic is a pi"a +aciee!idence o+ its duee/ecution' And it has to beidentifed b) a $itness'

I+ the pub#ic docu"ent isunde paa&aph c D?ub#icecods 0ept in the?hi#ippines o+ pi!atedocu"ents e1uied b) #a$ to

be enteed theein4 -2 $a)s3' pesent the ecod itse#+ 2' i+ not a!ai#ab#e, cetifed

cop)'

WHAT ABOUT PRIVATE$

It "a) be ad"itted i+ it6s du#)authenticated, the poponentneeds to co"p#) $ithauthentication $hich "eans to

po!e the &enuineness and duee/ecution b) pesentin& a$itness $ho is pesent duin&the e/ecution o +a"i#ia $iththe hand$itin&*si&natue o+ thepat)'

E/ception to the e1uie"ent o+ authentication(

3' Ancient docu"ents – a

docu"ent "oe than 8)eas o#d poduced +o" acustod) $hich is natua##)+ound as &enuine andunb#e"ished b) an)a#teation * suspicion – %ustpo!e that it is 8 )easo#d, poduced +o" acustod) $hich is natua##)+ound as &enuine and thatit is unb#e"ished b)

suspicion o a#teation'D"oe di.cu#t to bepo!ed'4

2' 9hen the pi!atedocu"ent is o5eed not asan authentic docu"ent' –i+ it is o5eed as a +o&e),)ou don6t authenticate it' The on#) e1uie"ent is)ou ha!e to identi+) assuch as the poponent

c#ai"s it to be' I+ it is a+o&ed, po!e that it is+o&ed'

pre finals evidence

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