precipitation
DESCRIPTION
PRECIPITATION. CURVATURE EFFECT. Q. Why are cloud droplets larger over the ocean?. COLLISION- COALESCENCE PROCESS. Most collide on forward edge Some collide on backside. Terminal velocity : Almost 10 m/s for largest raindrops. Q. Why can a cumuliform cloud produce - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Q. Why are cloud droplets larger over the ocean?
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Most collide on forward edge
Some collide on backside
Terminal velocity:Almost 10 m/s for largest raindrops
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Q. Why can a cumuliform cloud produce heavier precipitation than a stratiform cloud?
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Supercooled water droplets
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Ice forms directly on ice nuclei
Promote freezing of supercooled droplets(contact nuclei)
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Higher saturation vapour pressure
Ice crystals grow atthe expense of waterdroplets
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Riming causes snow pellets (graupel)-supercooled dropletsfreeze on contact
Snowflakes form through aggregation
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Source: Desert ResearchInstitute, Nevada, USA
Source: North Dakota Cloud Modification Project, USA
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Source: North Dakota Cloud Modification Project, USA
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Munchique National ParkForest Ranger Station, Sector 20 de Julio2150 masl
Rain Gauge
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Remember the paper cup experiment
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CHAPTER 10
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Sonic transducers
SOUND WAVESDETERMINEWIND SPEED,DIRECTION &TEMPERATURE
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http://www.wrds.uwyo.edu/wrds/rmfres/fendrift.html
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Also SW Ontario
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VANCOUVER LETHBRIDGE8°C 12°C
X X
CoolingAt MALR6°C/km
WarmingAt DALR10 °C/km
CoolingAt DALR10 °C/km
CoolingAt MALR6°C/km
WarmingAt DALR10 °C/km
More sensible heat
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Santa Ana
Winds
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Buried Portion
Exposed sectionEntrained Particle
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