predicting volcanoes

8/3/2019 Predicting Volcanoes

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Predicting &

MonitoringVolcanoes


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What we will learn in this

lesson...

Can we predict when a volcano will erupt?

How are volcanoes monitored?


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Q. What is a scientist who

studies volcanoes called?

A. Volcanologist

Have you got what it takes.....???!!!!


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Why do we need to be ableto predict volcanoes?


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How is predicting volcanoesdifferent to predictingearthquakes?


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Predicting the eruption of

Mount Pinatubo

http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.pinat

ubo/
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.pinatubo/http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.pinatubo/http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.pinatubo/http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.pinatubo/http://teachers%27%20domain%20%20mount%20pinatubo%20%20predicting%20a%20volcanic%20eruption.mp4/


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First signs a volcano may be going to erupt:

1. Gas and steam

2. Bulging and swelling

3. Tremors (earthquakes) or rumbling


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How do we measure thesewarnings?

SatellitesThese also measure ground movements on the volcano but from

above instead of on the ground. They can detect extremely small

movements. They can also be linked to computers to map lava

flows, mud flows, ash clouds and produce hazard maps from these.

Tiltmeter

As magma rises it can cause a change in the shape of thevolcano. The ground can tilt and bulge where the magma rises.

This is called ground deformation. We can measure this byusing tiltmeters which measures how much the ground has

moved.


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Seismograph

Rising magma and gas can cause vibrations and

trigger earthquakes. Therefore earthquake activity

can often increase before a volcano erupts.

Scientists monitor these earthquakes using

seismographs. As the magma approaches the surface

the tremors will increase. This is perhaps the most reliable sign a volcanois about to erupt.

Gas Sampler

Increased emissions of gas and steam suchas sulphur dioxide from a volcano often

shows that the magma is rising closer to thesurface. However a sudden decrease in

emissions can also indicate that a volcanomay be about to erupt as

their could be a blockage which could result in the build up of pressure.
http://www.sciencephoto.com/images/download_wm_image.html/E392049-Volcanic_gas_sampling-SPL.jpg?id=693920049


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Pinatubo = SUCCESS!!! Scientists successfully predicted the eruption. Clark air base wasevacuated and thousands of lives and millions dollars worth of equipmentsaved.

However...this is not always the case ....

Nyiragongo = FAIL!!! Volcano erupted January 17, 2002

Team of scientists was sent there a week earlier after localsnoticed changes in the ground but declared it safe

When the volcano erupted, 40% of the city of Goma was destroyed

and 120,000 people were left homeless.

DEMOCRATIC

REPUBLIC OFCONGO

Mt.

Nyiragongo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svg


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Only about 20% of the Worlds

volcanoes are monitored.

BUT!Most of these are in MEDCs.

Volcanoes are often in poorcountries where they cant afford

expensive monitoring equipment ordont have people who are

trained to do so.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svg


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Tasks

1. Describe 3 warning signs that a volcano might erupt.

2. Read through the sheet of instruments that can be used to monitorvolcanoes.

- Pick four of these.- Draw them into your book.- Label them and describe how they are used.

3. Why is it important to be able to predict eruptions?

4. Why are poorer countries less good at predicting eruptions thanricher countries?

EXTENSION

What ways can countries prepare if they know a volcano is going toerupt?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svg


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What we will learn in this

lesson...

Can we predict when a volcano will erupt?

How are volcanoes monitored?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svg


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Today I have learnt

I would like to know more about..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_location_map.svg

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