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PREFACE

First and foremost, the writer would like to thank the Lord Jesus for His

guidance and unending blessing in which enabled the writer to complete this thesis.

The thesis, entitled, “THE EFFORTS OF NORTH SULAWESI

GOVERNMENT IN BUILDING INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC

PARTNERSHIP FOR THE 2009 WORLD OCEAN CONFERENCE” was written to

fulfill the academic requirements to obtain Bachelor’s Degree in Social and Political

Sciences in Universitas Pelita Harapan.

The writer believes that this thesis would not have been completed without the

support, prayer, and guidance from people around him. Therefore, the writer would

like to express his gratitude to:

1) Prof. Aleksius Jemadu, Ph.D., as Dean of the Faculty of Social and Political

Sciences of Universitas Pelita Harapan.

2) Susy Tekunan, B.A., M.B.A., M.A., as Head of the International Relations

Department of the Universitas Pelita Harapan.

3) Amelia J. Liwe, Ph.D., as thesis advisor, who gave many valuable supports,

professional guidance, and constructive feedbacks in the completion of this

thesis.

4) Roy Vincentius Pratikno, B.Sc., M.M., as academic advisor, who provided his

time to guide and support the writer.

viii

5) All the lecturers who have taught the writer so much during the years of

studies in Universitas Pelita Harapan.

6) All the staffs of The Administration Office of the Faculty of Social Political

Sciences.

7) Phillips Wowiling and Ria Dunggio, as my parents, for being the best

mentors, motivators, and inspirations, as well as providing unflagging love

and support throughout my life and my studies.

8) Yishak Wowiling and Fabiola Wowiling, as my siblings, for simply being the

best brother and sister in the world and sharing so many wonderful memories

as we grew up together.

9) Yohan Yosua, Fadi Filip, Victor Santoso, Queency Rachel, Agnes Florencia,

and Stella Harsini for being supportive and bearing with me the good and the

bad times during our journey on this campus.

10) Catie, Danny, Dito, Jossy, Karen, Marc, Ribka, Rica, Riedel, and the rest of

Kawanua family at Universitas Pelita Harapan, for being my family away

from home and providing endless support during my years of studies.

11) And to all the people that cannot be mentioned one by one but have helped the

writer in the completion of this thesis.

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To conclude, any form of criticism, recommendations, or suggestions would

be most appreciated. Hopefully this thesis would be useful to whoever reads it.

Karawaci, January 2016

Timothy Wowiling

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER…………………………………………………………….……….. i

STATEMENT OF THESIS ORIGINALITY……………………………. ii

THESIS ADVISOR APPROVAL………………………………................ iii

EXAMINATION BOARD APPROVAL………………………………… iv

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………... v

ABSTRAK……………………………………………………….……......... vi

PREFACE………………………………………………………………...... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………….…….........

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………….……..........

x

xii

LIST OF APPENDICES………………………………………………...... xv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION…………………………………………. 1

1.1 Background………………………………………………... 1

1.2 Research Questions………………………………………... 10

1.3 Research Objectives……………………………………….. 11

1.4 Research Benefits………………………………………….

1.5 Organization…………………………………………….....

11

12

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK………………………. 14

2.1 Literature Review……………………………………….… 14

2.2 Theory and Concepts………………….………………….. 27

2.2.1 Liberalism…………..…………………………….… 28

2.2.2 Diplomacy………..…………………………….…...

2.2.3 Multilateralism………..…………………………….

34

36

2.2.4 Globalization.........................………………………. 37

.

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD………………………………….. 39

3.1 Research Method...………………………………………... 39

3.2 Data Collection Technique………………………………... 41

3.3 Data Analysis Technique………………………………...... 42

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CHAPTER IV DATA AND ANALYSIS………………………………...

4.1 The Role of Local Government of North Sulawesi in the

Preparation and Diplomatic Efforts toward the 2009

World Ocean Conference …….............……………….....

4.1.1 National Level………………......………………......

4.1.1.1 Brainstorming Process………………………

4.1.1.2 Communication Process…………………….

4.1.2 Discussion of National Level……………………….

4.1.3 International Level……………......………………...

4.1.3.1 Decentralization of International System…...

4.1.3.2 Widening Content of Diplomacy…………...

4.1.3.3 New Diplomatic Methods…………………..

4.1.4 Discussion of International Level…………………..

4.2 Multilateral Cooperation……………......………………....

4.3 The Implementation of the World Ocean Conference

2009………......................……….......................................

4.4 The Advantages of the World Ocean Conference 2009 for

the Development of North Sulawesi...................................

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION ………......................……….......................

5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………....

5.2 Recommendations……………………………………….....

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………..

45

45

46

46

50

56

60

61

66

71

76

80

88

95

101

101

109

111

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX C

xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

APEC : Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

ASEAN : Association of South East Asian Nation

ATSEF : Arafura and Timor Seas Forum

CCSBT : Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna

CI : Conservation International

CTI : Coral Triangle Initiative

CT-6 : Coral Triangle Six

CTI-CFF : Coral TriangleInitiative for Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security

CTMPAS : Coral Triangle Marine Protected Area System

CZAP : Conference of Coastal Zone Asia Pacific

EAFM : Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management

EEZ : Exclusive Economic Zone

FAO : Food and Agricultural Organization

GEF : Global Environment Facility

GF : Global Forum

GOPD : Global Ocean Policy Day

ICSU : International Council for Scientific Union

IEA : Indonesian Economists Association

IEDZ : Integrated Economic Development Zone

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IMI : International Marine Institute

IMO : International Maritime Organization

IOCT : Indian Ocean Tuna Commission

IOI : International Ocean Institute

IRIF : International Regional Investment Forum

ISA : International Seabed Authority

IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature

LDEO : Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

MOD : Manado Ocean Declaration

MPAs : Marine ProtectedAreas

NOAA : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NSF : National Science Foundation

ONR : Ocean Naval Research

PEMSEA : Partnership on Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia

RAP : Regional Action Plan

SOM : Seniors Officials Meeting

SSME : Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Eco Region

TNC : The Nature Conservancy

TTEG : Tripartite Technical Expert Group

UNCLOS : United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

UNDOALOS : United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea

UNDP : United Nations Development Program

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UNEP : United Nations Environment Programme

UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UN-Habitat : United Nations Habitat

UNICPOLOS : United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans

and the Law of the Sea

WCS : Wildlife Conservation Society

WCU : World Conservation Union

WOC : World Ocean Conference

WOF : World Ocean Forum

WRI : World Resources Institute

WSSD : World Summit for Sustainable Development

WWF : World Wide Fund for Nature

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LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Monitoring Sheet.................................................................................... A – 1

Proof Read Approval.............................................................................. A – 2

Proofreader’s CV................................................................................... A – 3

APPENDIX B

Manado Ocean Declaration (MOD)....................................................... B – 1

APPENDIX C

Curriculum Vitae.................................................................................... C – 1