Pregnancy and Pregnancy and Early DevelopmentEarly Development

STEP ONE: FertilizationSTEP ONE: Fertilization

Union of egg and Union of egg and sperm cell to form sperm cell to form one cell one cell (zygote)(zygote) in in the female fallopian the female fallopian tube.tube.

Zygote travels to the Zygote travels to the female uterus. female uterus. During this time it During this time it begins dividing into begins dividing into multiple cells.multiple cells.

Step Two: Embryo Implants Step Two: Embryo Implants in the Uterusin the Uterus

From the time of From the time of fertilization through the fertilization through the first eight weeks of first eight weeks of development is called development is called an an EmbryoEmbryo

Implementation Implementation occurs occurs when the embryo when the embryo travels from the travels from the fallopian tube and fallopian tube and embeds in the wall of embeds in the wall of the uterusthe uterus

Human Embryo 5-6 Weeks of Development

Placenta Supports the Placenta Supports the BabyBaby

The placenta supplies The placenta supplies nutrients, oxygen, and nutrients, oxygen, and removes waste from removes waste from the developing humanthe developing human

Umbilical Cord Umbilical Cord connects the connects the embryo/fetus to the embryo/fetus to the placentaplacenta

Stages of PregnancyStages of Pregnancy

1st Trimester

Major growth and change occur

Heart starts beating Arm & leg buds appear Eyes & brain begin to

develop Bones & muscles

develop Brain waves detected

Fetus

Start of the 9th week until delivery

Begin to take on more human characteristics

2nd Trimester

Months 4-6 Organ systems continue

to develop 4 months “kick” Male or female known Hear and recognize

sounds Hair forms Facial features Can survive premature

at this time

3rd Trimester

Months 7-9 Gains most of its

weight (approx. 5 pounds)

Can grasp with hands

Multiple Births

IDENTICAL TWINS One egg + One

sperm Divides after

fertilization to form 2 zygotes

Same genetic material = same sex

FRATERNAL TWINS Two eggs + Two

sperm Most common Usually separate

sexes

Keeping Healthy Before Keeping Healthy Before and During Pregnancyand During Pregnancy

Avoid alcohol and Avoid alcohol and other drugs during other drugs during pregnancy (caffeine pregnancy (caffeine and tobacco) and and tobacco) and exposure to cigarette exposure to cigarette smokesmoke

Maintain a nutritious Maintain a nutritious diet (450 calories)diet (450 calories)

Prenatal Vitamins Prenatal Vitamins provided by provided by healthcare providerhealthcare provider

ExerciseExercise

Have all medical Have all medical conditions evaluatedconditions evaluated

Problems During Problems During PregnancyPregnancy

Miscarriage-Miscarriage- death of fetus from natural death of fetus from natural complications prior to the 20complications prior to the 20thth week of week of pregnancypregnancy

Premature Birth- Premature Birth- Early BirthEarly Birth Ectopic Pregnancy- Ectopic Pregnancy- implementation of the implementation of the

fertilized egg in the fallopian tubefertilized egg in the fallopian tube Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- set of birth defects set of birth defects

affecting a fetus and caused by exposure to affecting a fetus and caused by exposure to alcoholalcohol

Stages of ChildbirthStages of Childbirth

Fetus drops to a lower position Fetus drops to a lower position

one month prior to childbirthone month prior to childbirth

1.1. First Stage: First Stage: DilationDilation

2.2. Second Stage: Second Stage: ExpulsionExpulsion

3.3. Third Stage: Third Stage: PlacentalPlacental

Types of Childbirth:Types of Childbirth:

1.1. NaturalNatural

2.2. Cesarean Section (C Cesarean Section (C Section)Section)