PregnancyPregnancy

Sexual IntercourseSexual Intercourse

The reproductive process in which the The reproductive process in which the penis is inserted into the vagina and penis is inserted into the vagina and through which a new human life may through which a new human life may beginbegin

Fertilization/ConceptionFertilization/Conception

The union of the egg and sperm that The union of the egg and sperm that takes place in the fallopian tubestakes place in the fallopian tubes

ZygoteZygote

The genetic material of the egg and The genetic material of the egg and sperm combined to form one cellsperm combined to form one cell

ImplantationImplantation The attachment of the fertilized egg to The attachment of the fertilized egg to

the uterusthe uterus The egg is now known as a blastocyte, The egg is now known as a blastocyte,

attaches to one of the walls in the upper attaches to one of the walls in the upper 1/3 of the uterus1/3 of the uterus

This happens within 3 to 5 days of This happens within 3 to 5 days of fertilizationfertilization

Once implantation has happened a Once implantation has happened a women is said to be pregnantwomen is said to be pregnant

ImplantationImplantation

EmbryoEmbryo

The term for a developing pregnancy The term for a developing pregnancy from fertilization to the end of week eightfrom fertilization to the end of week eight

EndometriumEndometrium

The lining of the uterusThe lining of the uterus

PlacentaPlacenta

An organ that develops in the uterus during An organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancypregnancy

The placenta provides nourishment and The placenta provides nourishment and oxygen to the growing baby and removes oxygen to the growing baby and removes wastewaste

Some refer to it as the afterbirth because it is Some refer to it as the afterbirth because it is excreted from the body following the birth of excreted from the body following the birth of the babythe baby

Most substances are passed from the mother Most substances are passed from the mother through the placenta to the babythrough the placenta to the baby

Amniotic FluidAmniotic Fluid

The watery substance that surrounds the The watery substance that surrounds the growing fetus during its time in the wombgrowing fetus during its time in the womb

The fluid helps to cushion the baby from The fluid helps to cushion the baby from outside forceoutside force

AmniocentesisAmniocentesis A medical procedure used for A medical procedure used for

prenatal diagnosis, in which a prenatal diagnosis, in which a small amount of amniotic small amount of amniotic fluid is extracted from the fluid is extracted from the amniotic fluid around a amniotic fluid around a developing fetusdeveloping fetus

It is usually offered when there may be an It is usually offered when there may be an increased risk for genetic defects in the increased risk for genetic defects in the pregnancy.pregnancy.

Early amniocentesis can be performed as early as Early amniocentesis can be performed as early as 13 weeks gestation13 weeks gestation

Standard amniocentesis is usually performed Standard amniocentesis is usually performed between 15 and 20 weeks gestationbetween 15 and 20 weeks gestation

UltrasoundUltrasound

used to visualize the embryo or fetus in its used to visualize the embryo or fetus in its mother's uterus (womb)mother's uterus (womb)

The procedure is often a standard part of The procedure is often a standard part of prenatal care, as it yields a variety of prenatal care, as it yields a variety of information regarding the health of the mother information regarding the health of the mother and of the fetus, as well as regarding the and of the fetus, as well as regarding the progress of the pregnancy. progress of the pregnancy.

Umbilical CordUmbilical Cord A hollow rope-like tube that connects the A hollow rope-like tube that connects the

embryo to the placentaembryo to the placenta The placenta carries nutrients and oxygen to The placenta carries nutrients and oxygen to

the baby and takes waste awaythe baby and takes waste away

First TrimesterFirst Trimester

The 1The 1stst 14 weeks of pregnancy 14 weeks of pregnancy The most important trimester because this is The most important trimester because this is

when the vital structures are formingwhen the vital structures are forming The embryo develops all of its organs and The embryo develops all of its organs and

grows to about 1.5 inchesgrows to about 1.5 inches The heart, brain, lungs, eyes, arms, and legs The heart, brain, lungs, eyes, arms, and legs

have formed – not all of them are fully have formed – not all of them are fully functionalfunctional

The placenta and umbilical cord are also The placenta and umbilical cord are also formed during this timeformed during this time

Second TrimesterSecond Trimester Months 4-6 of pregnancyMonths 4-6 of pregnancy The organs continue to develop and The organs continue to develop and

movement can be felt by month 4movement can be felt by month 4 The heartbeat can be heardThe heartbeat can be heard The fetus recognized voices and it grows The fetus recognized voices and it grows

hair and nailshair and nails By the end of the 2By the end of the 2ndnd trimester the fetus is trimester the fetus is

about 14-15 inches long and about 2 about 14-15 inches long and about 2 poundspounds

Third TrimesterThird Trimester

Months 7-9 of pregnancyMonths 7-9 of pregnancy The fetus gains most of its weight during The fetus gains most of its weight during

this trimester and is able to grasp objects this trimester and is able to grasp objects as well as open and close its eyesas well as open and close its eyes

FetusFetus

A developing human, from the start of the A developing human, from the start of the ninth week of pregnancy until deliveryninth week of pregnancy until delivery

Labor/Natural BirthLabor/Natural Birth the culmination of a human pregnancy with the culmination of a human pregnancy with

the emergence of a newborn infant/s from the emergence of a newborn infant/s from the mother's uterus. the mother's uterus.

Natural Birth which is most common is when Natural Birth which is most common is when the baby is delivered through the vaginathe baby is delivered through the vagina

First stage: contractions/dilation First stage: contractions/dilation Second stage: delivery Second stage: delivery

Third stage: placenta/afterbirth Third stage: placenta/afterbirth

Labor/Natural BirthLabor/Natural Birth

Breech BirthBreech Birth refers to the position of the baby in the refers to the position of the baby in the

uterus such that it will be delivered buttocks uterus such that it will be delivered buttocks first as opposed to the normal head first first as opposed to the normal head first position. position.

Caesarean BirthCaesarean Birth A A caesarean sectioncaesarean section or or c-c-

sectionsection, is a form of childbirth , is a form of childbirth in which a surgical incision is in which a surgical incision is made through a mother's made through a mother's abdomen and uterus to abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more babiesdeliver one or more babies

It is usually performed when It is usually performed when a vaginal delivery would put a vaginal delivery would put the baby or mothers life at the baby or mothers life at risk, although in the last risk, although in the last decade it has been decade it has been performed upon request. performed upon request.

VernixVernix VernixVernix is the waxy or is the waxy or

"cheesy" white "cheesy" white substance found substance found coating the skin of coating the skin of newborn humansnewborn humans

VernixVernix is the Latin word is the Latin word for "varnish." The for "varnish." The vernix (or "varnish"), vernix (or "varnish"), "varnishes" the baby. "varnishes" the baby.

Vernix is composed of Vernix is composed of sebum (the oil of the sebum (the oil of the skin) and cells that skin) and cells that have sloughed off the have sloughed off the fetus' skin.fetus' skin.

FontanelleFontanelle Fontanelles are soft spots on Fontanelles are soft spots on

a baby's head which, during a baby's head which, during birth, enable the soft bony birth, enable the soft bony plates of the skull to flex, plates of the skull to flex, allowing the head to pass allowing the head to pass through the birth canalthrough the birth canal

Fontanelles are usually Fontanelles are usually completely hardened by a completely hardened by a child's second birthday, and child's second birthday, and will eventually form the will eventually form the sutures of the neurocranium. sutures of the neurocranium.