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Preliminary Analysis of PM2.5 Speciation Data in Puget Sound

Puget Sound Clean Air AgencyMike Gilroy, Erik Saganic

Overview

Site Introduction

Review of Speciation Parameters

Aethalometer Introduction

Aethalometer Data Analysis

Conclusions

Network “Big Picture”

“Almost Pure” Wood Smoke Darrington Site

Marysville Wood Smoke North Site

Lake Forest Park Wood Smoke North Site

Olive Street Freeway Site

Duwamish Industrial Site

Beacon Hill Urban Background Site

South Tacoma Wood Smoke South Site

Blue Sites denote Speciation Network

Network Scope110 Miles

Duwamish – Industrial Site

Olive Street – Highway Site

Beacon Hill – Residential Site

South Tacoma – Woodsmoke Site

Lake Forest Park – Residential Site

Olive Street, Seattle – Mobile Source Site

Duwamish, Seattle – Industrial Site

South Tacoma Site – Wood Smoke/Residential Site

Analytes by Site – 2006

Duwamish Olive Street Tacoma South L(56 samples) (34-35 samples) (56 samples)

Average (ug/m3) Average (ug/m3) Average (ug/m3)Potassium 0.086 0.056 0.1Sulfate 1.779 1.406 1.133Elemental Carbon 1.258 0.9 0.767Organic Carbon Blank Adjusted 2.941 2.68 3.479XRF - Aluminum 2.80E-02 1.41E-02 1.61E-02XRF - Calcium 2.11E-01 5.28E-02 2.81E-02XRF - Chlorine 1.58E-01 7.88E-02 1.89E-01XRF - Chromium 6.29E-03 1.48E-03 1.14E-03XRF - Copper 5.99E-03 7.51E-03 3.38E-03XRF - Iron 1.66E-01 1.38E-01 5.19E-02XRF - Lanthanum 1.86E-02 3.95E-03 3.00E-03XRF - Manganese 1.68E-02 2.94E-03 2.21E-03XRF - Nickel 4.28E-03 2.33E-03 1.38E-03XRF - Silicon 1.01E-01 6.86E-02 5.82E-02XRF - Strontium 2.31E-03 1.39E-03 1.74E-03XRF - Sulfur 6.17E-01 4.69E-01 4.03E-01XRF - Titanium 6.11E-03 4.76E-03 1.63E-03XRF - Vanadium 1.16E-02 6.68E-03 3.48E-03XRF - Zinc 1.86E-02 2.07E-02 1.08E-02

Analyte

Industrial Highway Wood Smoke

Metal Concentrations at PSCAA Sites

0.0E+00

2.0E-03

4.0E-03

6.0E-03

8.0E-03

1.0E-02

1.2E-02

1.4E-02

1.6E-02

1.8E-02

2.0E-02

XRF - Chromium XRF - Lanthanum XRF - Manganese

Ana

lyte

Con

cent

ratio

n ( μ

g/m

3 )

Duwamish Olive Street Tacoma South L

Industrial Highway Wood Smoke

2006 Annual Average Analyte Concentrations for 3 Sites

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

Al Ca Cl Cr Cu Fe La Mn Ni Si Sr Ti V ZnAnalyte

μg/

m3

Duwamish Olive Street Tacoma South L

Industrial Highway Wood Smoke

V vs. Ni Olive Street - Highway Site

n = 200, 1/3/03 - 9/2/06 y = 2.1284x + 0.001R2 = 0.8145

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03

Ni

V

Highway Site

V vs. Ni Duwamish - Industrial Site n = 249, 12/16/02 - 7/22/06 y = 1.8671x + 0.0019

R2 = 0.5364

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07

Ni

V

Industrial Site

V vs. Ni South Tacoma - Residential Site

n = 60, 1/11/06 - 12/31/06y = 2.2161x + 0.0004

R2 = 0.6642

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035

Ni

V

Wood Smoke Site

V vs. Ni Lake Forest Park - Residential Site

n = 213, 10/22/01 - 12/18/05y = 2.2997x + 0.0004

R2 = 0.6725

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.01

0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01

Ni

V

Wood Smoke Site

V vs. Ni Correlations

Site Aerosol Type Slope R2

Olive Street Highway 2.13 0.82Duwamish Industrial 1.87 0.54South Tacoma Wood smoke 2.22 0.66Lake Forest Park Wood smoke 2.30 0.67

2006 Annual Average Analyte Concentrations for 3 Sites

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Potassium Sulfate Elemental Carbon Organic Carbon Blank AdjustedAnalyte

μg/

m3

Duwamish Olive Street Tacoma South L

Industrial Highway Wood Smoke

EC/OC Ratio vs. PM2.5All Sites within PSCAA Counties y = -0.0028x + 0.3631

R2 = 0.0215

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

PM2.5

EC/O

C R

atio Beacon Hill

DuwamishLake Forest ParkSouth Tacoma

Aethalometer Measurement

Magee Scientific

BC Channel 880 nm

UV Channel 370 nm

Sampling Hose

PM 2.5 Head @ 5 LPM

BC Channel vs. ECDuwamish, n = 159 y = 1.2496x + 0.0841

R2 = 0.8761

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

EC

BC

Industrial Site

BC Channel vs. ECLake Forest Park, n = 96 y = 1.3118x + 0.137

R2 = 0.8623

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

EC

BC

Wood Smoke Site

UV Channel vs. OC Blank CorrectedDuwamish, n = 156 y = 0.3998x + 0.4362

R2 = 0.8505

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

OC blank corr

UV

Industrial Site

UV Channel vs. OC (blank corrected)Lake Forest Park, n = 95 y = 0.3571x + 0.2248

R2 = 0.7818

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

OC

UV

Wood Smoke Site

(UV – BC) vs. OC Industrial Site

UV - BC Channels vs. OC (blank corrected)Duwamish, n = 159

y = 0.0011x - 0.0873R2 = 0.0005

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

OC

UV

- BC

(UV – BC) vs. OCUV - BC Channels vs. OC (blank corrected)

Lake Forest Park, n = 95 y = 0.0524x - 0.0414R2 = 0.4121

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

OC

UV

- BC

Wood Smoke Site

(UV – BC) Over Time"UV-BC" for Lake Forest Park and Duwamish

-1.2

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

11/03 1/04 3/04 5/04 7/04 9/04 11/04 1/05 3/05 5/05 7/05 9/05 11/05

Date

UV

- BC

Lake Forest Park Duwamish

(UV – BC) Over Time(UV - BC) Over Time - 30 Sample Moving Average

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

10/1/05 12/1/05 2/1/06 4/1/06 6/1/06 8/1/06 10/1/06 12/1/06 2/1/07 4/1/07 6/1/07 8/1/07 10/1/07

Date

"UV

- BC

"

Darrington Duwamish Lake Forest Park

Wind Roses – UV Channel

South Tacoma Duwamish

Conclusions

We can use this data to better understand our emission sources

Using a suite of continuous monitors (FDMS, nephelometer, aethalometer, etc) is essential to enriching the understanding of the data

Rich data sets currently available

Continuous monitors like the Aethalometer can provide:

Real-time data Cheaper sampling More data Currently packaged in a few of our publicly available products