preliminary assessment of an alaska steeppass fishway on a ... · north carolina blackwater creek...
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Preliminary assessment of an Alaska steeppass fishway on a
North Carolina blackwater creekBenjamin R. Ricks
Department of ZoologyNorth Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina
Joseph E. HightowerU.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division
NC Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitNorth Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina
A. Michael WickerU. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Raleigh, North Carolina
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Dams – a common feature on North Carolina streams
About 4700 dams in North CarolinaEssentially none have fish passage
http://fpdss.fws.gov/
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Fish passage can restore access to upstream habitats
Ladder Lift Nature-like bypass
Ramp
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Denil FishwaysOriginally designed for salmonidsHave proven effective for a widevariety of anadromous and resident species
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Alaska steeppass fishways -practical for smaller dams
Inexpensive to construct and maintainEffective with steep slopesEasily retrofitted to fishways that are not workingCan be prefabricated and installed in sections
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Study ObjectiveTo evaluate Holts Lake Dam fishway use– Species– Number– Timing of passage
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Study Site - Holts Lake Dam
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Study Site - Holts Lake Dam
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Study Site - Holts Lake DamSteeppass fishway constructed using four prefabricated sectionsInstalled by dam owner at a 20% gradeRock walls constructed at base of fishway to guide fish towards entrance
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Monitoring fish usageTrap constructed atfishway exit during winter drawdownV-shaped funnel retained fish in trap
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Monitoring fish usage
Trap checked ~ 3 days/wkCaptured fish identified, measured, fin-clippedLake level recorded as measure of discharge
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Results
Three species detected between February 21 to June 2, 2003:– 949 Gizzard Shad– 2 American Shad– 1 Golden Shiner
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Gizzard shad size composition
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Gizzard shad run timing
Gizzard shad used fishway over temperature range of 15-22 CCatch rate correlated with Middle Creek stage height (P=0.06)
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Gizzard Shad and FishwaysThe large number of gizzard shad collected in this study is a common occurrence for east coast fishways.The Conowingo East lift on the Susquehanna River passed 460,000gizzard shad in 2003
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Additional Sampling forSpecies Composition
Limited cast-netting established that gizzard shad were in large numbers below the dam
Other species included:White perchBlack crappieLargemouth bassWarmouthGreen sunfishBluegillRedear sunfishRedbreast sunfish
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Effectiveness of Holts Lake Dam fishway for riverine species?
Riverine species often use other fishways– Grand River, Ontario (29 species, including
suckers, shiners, sunfishes, catfishes, darters, and pikes)
– James River, Virginia (16+ species, including gizzard shad, suckers, sunfishes, catfishes)
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Potential reasons for species selectivity
Fishway effectiveness may have been reduced by– Entrance location away from shoreline– Relatively low attraction flow– Turbulence
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Are fishways on tributaries important for anadromous
species?Only two American Shad were found in the trap, and none in the cast-nettingsamplesPlankton sampling indicates American shad spawning mostly in mainstem Neuse RiverGreater use of tributaries would be expected for hickory shad
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Conclusion
Prefabricated fishways are a valuable management tool– restore access to valuable spawning habitat– benefit both resident and anadromous
fishes– are inexpensive to construct and maintainSite characteristics are important in passing wide range of species