Preliminary Design ReviewSolar Thermal Water Heating System

Preliminary Design ReviewSolar Thermal Water Heating System

Team #5San Diego, California

Team #5San Diego, California

Ashley TylerTyler Borden

Michael CheneyMatthew MurrayHeather HussainAllison Schneider

Ashley TylerTyler Borden

Michael CheneyMatthew MurrayHeather HussainAllison Schneider

Agenda

• Introduction• Floor Plan Layout

• House Elevation Drawings

• Foundation Analysis• Roof Truss Analysis• Hydronic Subsystem Analysis• Heat Transfer Analysis

• Building Thermal System Analysis• Flat Plat Collector Analysis

• F-Chart Analysis

Floor Plan Layout• Objectives

• Support the FPC solar thermal heating system• Include the required living spaces.

Floor Plan Layout

26’ x 44’

Floor Plan Layout

• 9 foot ceilings• 26’ x 44’

Foundation Analysis

• Main concerns• Secure for house structure including in times of natural

disaster – Seismic zone 4

• Basement has both livable and storage qualities• Foundation protects from the intrusion of environment,

pests and soil• Plastic wrap around total foundation

• Retains heat • Styrofoam insulation

Foundation Analysis

• Other concerns• Load bearing wall about 15’ from East or West wall to line

up with other structures.

• Footings• Should have a width of 15” and a thickness of 6”• At least 12” below surface

Foundation Analysis

• Solution #1- Masonry Foundation• Cinderblock build

• 8 in blocks

• ≈ $2100 for blocks to create a maximum of a 8’8” ceiling

• Rebar reinforcements (#4 to #5) every 48” with extra around openings

Foundation Analysis

• Solution #2- Masonry Foundation• Cinderblock build

• 10 in blocks• • ≈ $2700 for blocks to create a maximum of a 8’8”

ceiling• Rebar reinforcements (#4 to #5) every 56” with extra

around openings

Foundation Analysis

• Solution #3- Poured Foundation• ≈ $10000 for enough concrete to pour to a maximum of

9’ ceilings

• Rebar reinforcements (#5 to #6) approximately every 48” on north side with extra around openings

Roof Structure

• Objectives• Support the weight of the roof and FPCs• Total weight of roof ~ 6 tons (7lbs/ft2)

• Total weight of FPCs ~ 600lbs• Protect the house from the environment

Roof Truss Analysis

• 3-Tab Shingles• Light weight• 20-30 yrs

• Architectural Shingles*• Heavy duty• 30-50 yrs

* Used for preliminary analysis

Hydronic Subsystem Analysis

• 28 gpm for 7 FPCs.• Preliminary piping layout:

• Pump and heat exchanger located in the basement.

• ASTM B88 2.5” Type L Copper Pipe• Head ~ 275ft

Building Thermal System AnalysisObjective

• Prevent heat transfer through the exterior walls of the home by decreasing the overall heat transfer coefficient, U-Value

• Maximize the R-Values by varying the materials and thicknesses of wall components

W

K

hk

x

k

x

kx

kx

k

x

hR

outsidesiding

siding

plywood

plywood

stud

stud

insulation

insulation

gypsum

gypsum

insideValue

2m

111

11

K

W

RRU

StudsAtStudsBetweenValue 2

m

10.15

185.0

Building Thermal System Analysis

• Design Constraints• Siding of the house is Vinyl• Roofing of the house is Asphalt

• Assumptions• Took average thermal conductivity when density varied within

a material• Convert metric units to SI units at termination of calculations• 16” studs on Center • Sources of heat loss are not accounted for in the analysis• Ceiling thermal analysis is independent of structural side• Analyze interior to exterior heat transfer only

Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls

ComponentHeat Transfer

MethodMaterial

Thermal Conductivity

(W/mK)

inches millimeters Between Studs

At Studs

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12

Wallboard Conduction Gypsum Board

0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875

R-Value

(m2K/W)Thickness

InsulationLoose Fill Conduction

Celluslosic (milled paper or wood pulp)

5.5 139.7

0.039

3.34324786 -

0.045

Stud ConductionSpruce or

Eastern White Pine

5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15

Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03

Total Thickness (in)

Total Thickness (m) R-Value

(m2K/W)R-Value (m2K/W)

6.785 172.339 4.26246661 2.47144097

U-Value (W/m2K)

U-Value (W/m2K)

0.23460594 0.40462225

Total U-Value (W/m2K)

Total U-Value (BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.26010839 0.04580779

Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls

ComponentHeat Transfer

MethodMaterial

Thermal Conductivity

(W/mK)

inches millimeters Between Studs

At Studs

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12

Wallboard Conduction Gypsum Board

0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875

R-Value

(m2K/W)Thickness

Stud ConductionSpruce or Eastern

White Pine5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15

Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03

Total Thickness (in)

Total Thickness (m)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

6.785 172.339 4.41171875 2.47144097

U-Value

(W/m2K)

U-Value

(W/m2K)

0.22666903 0.40462225

5.5 139.7 3.4925 -0.04ConductionGlass Fiber

Batts

InsulationBlanket and

Batt

Total U-Value (W/m2K)

Total U-Value (BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.25336201 0.04461968

Total U-Value (W/m2K)

Total U-Value (BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.26010839 0.04580779

Loose Fill (previous)

Blanket and Batt

Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls

ComponentHeat Transfer

MethodMaterial

Thermal Conductivity

(W/mK)

inches millimeters Between Studs

At Studs

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12

Wallboard Conduction Gypsum Board

0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875

R-Value

(m2K/W)Thickness

InsulationSpray Applied Conduction Glass Fiber 5.5 139.7

0.038

3.62918354 -

0.039

Stud ConductionSpruce or

Eastern White Pine

5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15

Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03

Total Thickness (in)

Total Thickness (m) R-Value

(m2K/W)R-Value (m2K/W)

6.785 172.339 4.54840229 2.47144097

U-Value (W/m2K)

U-Value (W/m2K)

0.21985742 0.40462225

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.24757215 0.04360003

Total U-Value (W/m2K)

Total U-Value (BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.25336201 0.04461968

Total U-Value (W/m2K)

Total U-Value (BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.26010839 0.04580779

Loose Fill

Blanket and Batt

Spray Applied

Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls

ComponentHeat Transfer

MethodMaterial

Thermal Conductivity

(W/mK)

inches millimeters Between Studs

At Studs

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12

Wallboard Conduction Gypsum Board

0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875

R-Value

(m2K/W)Thickness

Stud ConductionSpruce or Eastern

White Pine5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15

Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03

Total Thickness (in)

Total Thickness (m)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

R-Value

(m2K/W)

3.285 83.439 3.59290296 2.47144097

U-Value

(W/m2K)

U-Value

(W/m2K)

0.27832647 0.40462225

50.8 2.67368421 -0.019InsulationBoard and

SlabConduction

Polyiso-cyanurate

2

Total U-Value (W/m2K)

Total U-Value (BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.29727084 0.05235248

Total U-Value

(W/m2K)

Total U-Value

(BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.24757215 0.04360003

Total U-Value (W/m2K)

Total U-Value (BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.25336201 0.04461968

Total U-Value (W/m2K)

Total U-Value (BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.26010839 0.04580779

Loose Fill

Blanket and Batt

Spray Applied

Board and Slab

Building Thermal System AnalysisCeiling Walls

Component Heat Transfer Method Material Thickness

Thermal Conductivity

(W/mK)

R-Value (m2K/W)

inches millimeters Between Studs At Studs

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12

InsulationBoard and Slab Conduction Polyiso-

cyanurate 5.5 139.7 0.019 7.35263158 -

Stud ConductionSpruce or

Eastern White Pine

5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15

Roofing Conduction Asphalt 0.035 0.889 0.078 0.078

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03

R-Value (m2K/W)

R-Value (m2K/W)

7.73063158 1.93022222

U-Value (W/m2K)

U-Value (W/m2K)

0.12935554 0.51807506

Total U-Value (W/m2K)

Total U-Value (BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.18766347 0.03304949

Building Thermal System AnalysisBasement Walls

Component Heat Transfer Method Material Type Thickness R-Value

(m2K/W)U-Value (W/m2K)

inches millimeters

Exterior WallConcrete Blocks Conduction Low-Mass

Aggregate

perlite-filled cores 8 203.2 0.985 1.01522843

vermiculite-filled cores 8 203.2 0.81 1.2345679

molder-EPS-filled (beads)

cores8 203.2 0.85 1.17647059

Exterior WallPoured

Concrete Conduction Concrete

Sand and Gravel or stone

aggregate8 203.2 2.15 0.46511628

• Foundations Engineer Provided two wall designs• Cinderblocks• Poured Concert – higher resistance to heat transfer

Building Thermal System AnalysisBasement Walls

Above Ground

Component Heat Transfer Method Material Thickness

Thermal Conductivity

(W/mK)

R-Value (m2K/W)

inches millimeters

Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12

Wallboard Conduction Gypsum Board 0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875

Exterior WallConcrete Blocks Conduction

Poured ConcreteSand and

Gravel or stone aggregate

8 203.2 2.15

Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15

Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52

Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03

Total R-Value (m2K/W)

3.06921875

Total U-Value (W/m2K)

Total U-Value (BTU/hr ft2 °F)

0.32581581 0.05737955

Building Thermal System AnalysisCalculation of UA Value

Concrete PouredConcrete Poured

AppliedSpray ShinglesAsphalt

BelowBelowAboveAbove

ExteriorExteriorRoofRoofTotal

UAUA

UAUAUA

Fhr

BTUUA Total 466.8625

°F fthr

BTU 0.4652540

°F fthr

BTU0.0574730

°F fthr

BTU 0.04362660

°F fthr

BTU 0.03301750

22

22

22

22

ftft

ftftUA Total

Solar Thermal System AnalysisFlat Plate Collector

• Average ambient temperature -70.5 degrees Fahrenheit• Daily water usage - 80 gallons

• Tank temperature - 120 degrees Fahrenheit• Slope of panel - 32 degrees• 1 Glazing coat - Low Iron Tempered Glass• Test fluid -Water• Absorber material - Copper• Fuel type - Electric

Solar Thermal System Analysis

EP-40 EC-32

Domestic Hot Water System Only

Solar Thermal System AnalysisDomestic Hot Water System Only

EC-24• Best overall - EC-32 with 3 panels

•Highest Life Cycle Savings•Approx $5,000

•Total Solar fraction• .983

•Total weight•343 lbs

•Total cost of panels• $2609.91

Solar Thermal System AnalysisHeating & Water System

EP-40 EC-32

Solar Thermal System AnalysisHeating & Water System

EC-24 Best overall – EC-32 with 6 panels•Highest Life Cycle Savings

•Approx $7,500•Total Solar Fraction

•.966•Total weight

•686 lbs•Total cost of panels

• $5,219.82

Questions?

References

• http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/insulation_airsealing/index.cfm?mytopic=11510

• http://www.pima.org/ContentPage/wall-insulation.aspx

• http://rvalue.net/• Fundamentals of Heat Transfer Textbook• 2009 Ashrae Handbook - Database