Preliminary results ASFCC-phase I Kapuas Hulu District , Indonesia

ASFCC-I in Indonesia • Forested areas with shifting cultivation • Ethnic diversity: Dayak Iban (Bunut Lalau,

Sungai Telian and Keluin), Dayak Embaloh (Banua Tengah)

• Located within/near protected areas, near oil palm plantation areas, international border

• Migration

The team

Maarit Kallio Moira Moeliono Cynthia Maharani Bimo Dwisatrio Willy Daeli Kharisma Tauhid B. Engkamat

What did we do ?

Focus group discussions

Location Age Group M F

Bunut Lalau Above 25 y.o 7 19

17-25 y.o 7 4

Keluin Above 25 y.o 8 10

17-25 y.o

Banua Tengah Above 25 y.o 11 12

17-25 y.o 4 2

Sungai Telian Above 25 y.o 28 20

17-25 y.o 17 9

Organizational Survey (16)

Ego Network Survey (124)

Preliminary results

New income earning opportunities and land use

Time spent on their traditional land use practices

has decreased significantly. The use of herbicides and fertilizers to manage the

land and maintain productivity Much of the traditional shifting cultivation areas

changed into permanent agricultural plots.

Migration pattern: • The expanding oil palm plantation, in Sungai Telian

and Bunut Lalau, brings jobs close to home, reducing the migration role (in income earning).

• In Keluin and Benua Tengah, migration still plays an important role on additional income earning because other options than migration are quite limited, and no significant oil palm plantations have been established

Selection of system for ego-network survey Name of system Criteria 1

Actors (potential) Criteria 2 Benefit sharing

Criteria 3 Monitoring & reporting

Criteria 4 Land use change

Fertilizers and herbicides (Pupuk dan obat)

Community members, members of local rubber farmer organization, local trader, sellers in larger towns, relatives and other people in Malaysia or other places, private sector/companies, government.

Fertilizers & herbicides & information on their availability or use.

Monitoring by local communities. In case of government subsidies, reporting by the village head.

Strong link to land use change due to ability of these products to make the agriculture more permanent & improve the productivity.

Selection of system for ego-network survey

Name of system Criteria 1 Actors (potential)

Criteria 2 Benefit sharing

Criteria 3 Monitoring & reporting

Criteria 4 Land use change

2. Credit and loan system (Kredit dan pinjaman)

Credit union, relatives, neighbors, friends in the area or migrated to other locations. Banks or other investments.

Information on loan/credit opportunities, share in the interest, other benefits such as health/life insurance.

Visits and accounting by the CU; reports by CU.

Link to land use change as most of the activities for which the loan is asked for are related to land use.

Name of system Criteria 1 Actors (potential)

Criteria 2 Benefit sharing

Criteria 3 Monitoring & reporting

Criteria 4 Land use change

3. Customary land use system (Adat tentang tanah)

Local leaders, community members, government officials, private companies.

Information on land (land boundary, new swidden location, exchange labor activities), other benefits.

Annual ritual where information is shared on the year’s happening Adat meetings with the Tumenggung.

Strong link to land use.

Selection of system for ego-network survey

Credit and loan system

More than half of the respondents access credit and loan system through credit union membership.

Why

Securing future and obtaining other benefits (health and life insurance)

Regular visit to Longhouse (once a month) and held annual meeting

The presence of local staff recruited from the longhouse site to connect with CU.

Family relationship with CU field officer, making it easier for respondents to connect.

The rest connect with informal systems: family members/extended family, rubber traders and/or shop owner. (and also combination of CU, family and traders)

• Six (6) head of households have no connection to any of these sources. Those who disconnected from the system are women-headed households (age 50-70) who are still supporting their grandchildren (age 4-15 years old), as their parents were migrated elsewhere.

Organizational Survey

Drivers of deforestation and degradation: past logging, current expansion of palm oil plantation and mining. Shifting cultivation as a minor driver of

deforestation and forest degradation, as the clearing of forest land for shifting cultivation purposes is comparatively small to some other land uses, and most of the cleared forest would recover within a few years.

Weak governance and fragmented land use planning, whereby land use planning is hampered by lack of data and absence of a coordinated grand land use plan (‘grand design’).

Organizational Stances

“Show first, the evidence that a certain volume of carbon is worth a certain amount, show us the money, and then we will tell you how much carbon there is”

Information Exchange on Forest Issue

FFI and the district forestry agency were nominated most often to be important information sharers. The sub-districts appeared to be very isolated.

Funding

• Government agencies complaints that KH does not benefit from having so much protected areas.

• Funding streams from donor communities to NGOs appeared to be completely separate from the funding that the government agencies received.

Most common social foci for information and resources exchange

• The annual Danau Sentarum festival initiated by RIAK Bumi, but now also involving many other NGO and government stakeholders

• The FORUM DAS (watershed forum) • Forum MIKE (Melayu, Iban, Kantuk and Embaloh interethnic

forum) • RPHK (Relawan Pemantau Hutan-Volunteers for forest

monitoring) • JPIK (Jaringan Pemantau Independen Kehutanan- Network of

Independent Forestry Monitors) • Forum for Village Forests • Ruai TV

To do

• Analysis of organization survey • Network analysis