preliminary results on hydrophones energy calibration with a proton beam results at an intense...
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Preliminary Results on Hydrophones Energy
Calibration with a Proton Beam
Results at an intense low-energy proton beam in ITEP (Moscow),
special thanks to Vladimir Lyashuk and Andrei Rostovstev group
• Nprotons ~ 1010
• Eprotons = 100 MeV, 200 MeV
International ARENA WorkshopMay 17-19, 2005DESY, Zeuthen
Giulia De BonisUniversity “La Sapienza”Rome, ITALY
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Overview
• Hydrophones Characterization (Frequency Response)
• Hydrophones Calibration on Proton Beam
• Future Developments
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BENTHOS (prototipe)
L = 15.5 cm
d = 2 cm
RESON 4042 (modified)
Piezo-Electric HYDROPHONES
previously used for 6 months at 2000 m
depth.
Both hydrophones are pre-amplified (~ 30 dB)
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Frequency Response -Frequency Response -
the Hydrophones the Hydrophones
SensitivitySensitivity
Test at IDAC (CNR – Roma)Data Analysis Results
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CALIBRATION - Frequency Response
IDAC – Institute of Acoustics “O. M. Corbino” – Rome (Italy)http://www.idac.rm.cnr.it/
UAL - Underwater Acoustics Laboratory
remotely-operated transducer positioning system capable of handling weights up to 100
kgon two independent carriages
water tank (fresh water) with dimensions:
6.0 m (length
4.0 m (width)
5.5 m (depth)
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Experimental Set-Up
HydrophoneSpherical Transducer
(Model ITC 1007)
d=1 m(distance)
L=2.8 m(depth)
The signal source (Reson ACS 9060) produces a 5KHz to 25 KHz sine wave (frequency sweep with a step of 0.5 KHz).
1.5 ms
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CALIBRATION - Frequency Response
RESULTS
Benthos Reson
Hydrophones sensitivity is measured in dB re 1V/1Pa
-173 dB re 1V/1Pa -183 dB re 1V/1Pa
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Protons Interaction in Protons Interaction in
Water -Water -
the Acoustic Signalthe Acoustic Signal
-Test at ITEP (Moscow) Proton beam- Preliminary Data Analysis Results
Nprotons/spill ~ 1010
Eprotons = 100 MeV, 200 MeVup to 1018 eV deposited per spill
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Particles Interaction in Water:the Acoustic Signal
“ instantaneous ”& localized
energy deposition
local heating of the medium
Local density variation
PRESSURE WAVE
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The Bragg PeakThe Bragg PeakIf the proton energy is in the range 100-200 MeV, the most of the primary proton energy is deposited at the Bragg Peak.
The Bragg Peak is a good approximation of a localized high-density energy deposition in water. Considering the Bragg Peak one can simulate an acoustic source.
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ITEP Experimental Set-up June 2004
Dimensions50.8 cm × 52.3 cm × 94.5 cm
The 90% of the basin's volume is filled with fresh water. NO control on temperature.
Beam Output
Transducer Positioning
System
Data Acquisition with 3 different hydrophones
B -173 dB re 1V/1Pa
T -133 dB re 1V/1Pa
R -183 dB re 1V/1Pa
V.Lyashuk and A.Rostovstev group,G. De Bonis, G. Riccobene, R. Masullo and A. Capone
B
T R
pInjection Tube
Beam Output
BENTHOS
RESONITEP Collimator
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X [ cm ]
Z [ cm ]
BENTHOS
RESON
Hydrophones Configuration
BENTHOS
ITEP
RESON
p
(Monte Carlo Simulation)
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TTX Data
BENTHOS
RESON
ITEP
BCTBeam
CurrentTransformer
Hydrophones
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Hydrophones Data - a Zoom View
~ 50 s
A ~ 45 mV
Acoustic Pulse related to protons interaction
Bipolar Shape
Electro-magnetic induced pulse
Typical pulse collected with 1010 protons @ 200 MeV
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Hydrophones Data Analysis
FIT Operation
22
2
)(
10
)(
Px
MAX ePx
Ayy
21 )(
2
1
0
Px
MAX eAyyBENTHOS
RESON
ITEP
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Results - LINEARITYBENTHOS Hydrophone
Ebeam = 200 MeV
Ebeam = 100 MeV
Nprotons= 2. 5·1010
Linear Fit
Total deposited energy = 108 [eV]• 2. 5·1010 =2.5 ·1018 eV
Proton Intensity
Bip
ola
r A
mp
litu
de
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Results - LINEARITY
E = 200 MeV
E = 100 MeV
RESON HydrophoneLinear
Fit
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Results - LINEARITY
E = 200 MeV
E = 100 MeV
ITEP HydrophoneLinear
Fit
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Collimator Diameter Dependance
The BCT gives a measure of the number of protons BEFOREBEFORE the collimator
BENTHOS Data – E=100 MeV
Results show a collimator diameter dependance
Beam Intensity [Nprotons]
0.5·1010 0 1.5·1010 1.0·1010 2.5·10102.0·1010
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Number of entering protons
More over, collimators, located downstream the BCT, are used to modify the number of protons interacting in water. protons interacting in water.
We considered collimator with diameter = 2, 3, 5 cm).
The voltage signal measured at the BCT channel is proportional to the number of protons in the emitted bunchprotons in the emitted bunch.
One can calculate Nproton using the formula:
Nproton = ABCT [ V ] · 2 · C ·108
where C is a parameter depending on machine settings; the C-value is given by machine technicians.
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NNprotons protons ENTERING THE BASINENTERING THE BASIN
Results(taking into accounts the effect of
collimators…)
Ebeam= 100 MeV
0.5·1010 0 1.5·1010 1.0·1010 2.5·10102.0·1010
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Future Plans
• Simulation (Geant4) of proton beam energy deposition in water
• Simulation of acoustic signal formation • Development of a tool for open sea
hydrophone calibration (controlled sparker)
• Simulation of acoustic signal from UHE neutrino induced showers in sea water