Prelude to War

Missouri Compromise 1820

Compromise of 1850

0CA is a free state0Territories choose

through popular sovereignty

0No slave trade in D.C.0Enforcement of the

Fugitive Slave Act

Fugitive Slave Act 0A “fugitive” is a runaway,

usually from a legal problem

0The law required the return runaway slaves0 Those helping runaways

were fined $,1000 or 6 months in jail

0Many join the abolitionist cause and refuse to catch runaways

Book 1852: Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852: Best selling book of the century, after the Bible

Author: Harriet Beecher Stowe

Quote: “So you are the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war” Abraham Lincoln

Notable characters: Tom, Eliza, and Simon Legree

Later “Uncle Tom” becomes a derogatory term.

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

Bleeding Kansas0Pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces were fighting0Both sides recruited people to come to Kansas0Over 200 people are killed and it earns the nickname

“Bleeding Kansas”0Border Ruffians came over from Missouri (a slave

state) to vote in Kansas0Pres. Pierce recognizes the pro-slavery government0 John Brown and his sons murder five people

Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857

Supreme Court’s Decision: 0Blacks are not citizens

and cannot sue0Slaves are property0Slavery cannot be

outlawed in territories

Raid on Harper’s Ferry 1859

0 John Brown and a group try to raid a weapon arsenal in Virginia in order to arm slaves

0 It fails0Brown is hanged0He is a hero in the North

and a villain in the South0 “John Brown's body lies

a molding in the grave”

0Charlestown, Va, 2nd, December, 1859

I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty, land: will never be purged away; but with Blood. I had as I now think: vainly flattered myself that (without) very much bloodshed; it might be done.

(John Brown's last letter, written on the day he hanged. From "John Brown: a Biography," by Oswald Garrison Villard.)

0Letter from Mahala Doyle

Altho' vengeance is not mine, I confess that I do feel gratified to hear that you were stopped in your fiendish career at Harper's Ferry, with the loss of your two sons, you can now appreciate my distress in Kansas, when you then and there entered my house at midnight and arrested my husband and two boys, and took them out of the yard and in cold blood shot them dead in my hearing. You can't say you done it to free slaves. We had none and never expected to own one...My son John Doyle whose life I beged of you is now grown up and is very desirous to be at Charlestown on the day of your execution.

(A letter sent to John Brown while in jail. From "To Purge This Land with Blood" by Stephen Oates.)

Abraham Lincoln

0The Great Emancipator0The Rail-splitter0The Liberator0Honest Abe

0Born on February 12, 1809 in Hardin County, Kentucky, Lincoln's early life was one of the most modest means.

0Abraham’s father, Thomas Lincoln, was an uneducated carpenter and a farmer. His mother, Nancy, had little or no schooling and could not even write her own name.

0When Abe left home he was 22 and didn’t even have an extra suit of clothes with him.

0He worked splitting rails.0He worked on a flatboat that carried Cargo down the

Mississippi to New Orleans.0He worked in a store and spent a lot of time reading

under a tree near the store.0He worked in post office.0He worked as a lawyer.

0Lincoln (30) married Mary Todd (21) after a two year courtship and a rocky relationship.

0Both of their mothers had died and they both loved reading and politics.

0Mary saw in a Lincoln a man who would be successful in politics.

0They had four sons. Three sons died.

0Mary Lincoln incurred huge debt from extravagant spending.

1858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates for the U.S. Senate; 7 of them

Quiz: Put the following events in order on a timeline0Uncle Tom’s Cabin0Election of 18600Fugitive Slave Law0Lincoln-Douglas Debates0South Carolina Secedes0Dred Scott Decision0Kansas Nebraska Act0Raid at Harper’s Ferry

Answers:

01850 Fugitive Slave Law01852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin01854 Kansas Nebraska Act01857 Dred Scott Decision01858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates01859 Raid on Harper’s Ferry01860 Election of 1860 (Nov.)01860 South Carolina Secedes (Dec.)

1860 Election for President

Election of 1860

South Carolina secedes first in December and then six other southern

states follow

Secession: withdrawing from an organized union

Keeps Trying01848 Lost renomination

for Congress01854 Defeated for U.S.

Senate01856 Defeated for

nomination for Vice President

01858 Again defeated for U.S. Senate

01860 ELECTED PRESIDENT

0Lincoln won the presidential vote with only 39% of the popular vote but 60% of the electoral vote.

A house divided cannot stand.

0 “I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.”

Five years of War takes its toll

Assassination

0Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theater on April 14, 1865, by John Wilkes Booth. He had a dream of his death the week before it happened.

Trouble begins in South Carolina

April 12, 18610Fort Sumter in

Charleston, South Carolina was one of four Union forts still held in the South.

0Northern troops were originally at Fort Moultrie near Charleston but, Major Robert Anderson decided to move his troops to Fort Sumter

0Fort Sumter was designed to defend against a naval attack not a land attack.

0The attack lasted 34 hours. 0No one was killed by enemy fire

during the battle, however one Union soldier was killed when a cannon in the fort exploded.

0April 13, the Fort was surrendered and the troops moved out the following day.

The Fort

0Following the surrender, Lincoln called for 75,000 troops from state militias to fight against the South.

0He was not going to let the South secede peacefully.

0Lincoln felt duty bound to hold the Union together.

The War Begins

…The Beginning…

Anaconda Plan

Richmond, Mississippi, Blockade

Battle Hymn of the Republic

0 “I awoke in the grey of the morn ing, and as I lay wait ing for dawn, the long lines of the de sired po em be gan to en twine them selves in my mind, and I said to my self, ‘I must get up and write these vers es, lest I fall asleep and for get them!’ So I sprang out of bed and in the dim ness found an old stump of a pen, which I re mem bered us ing the day be fore. I scrawled the vers es al most with out look ing at the p aper.”

Julia Ward Howe

0The hymn ap peared in the At lant ic Month ly in 1862.