prepaid energy meter-2003_2

7/29/2019 Prepaid Energy Meter-2003_2

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PREPAIDENERGY METER

Presented byB . SumalathaS . ManasalakshmiS.Rama sudhaB.Padamvathi

O.Swathi


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CONTENTS:

Introduction

Equipements used

Presently where it used

Block diagramWorking of the project

Software tools

Advantages

Applications

Scope for future advancements

Conclusion


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INTRODUCTION

An embedded system is a combination of software

and hardware to perform a dedicated task. Some ofthe main devices used in embedded products areMicroprocessors and Microcontrollers.

As everyone in this competitive world prefers to

make the things easy and simple to handle, thisproject sets an example to some extent.

This project enables the user to consume theelectricity based on the prepaid recharge card he

gets from the electrical department.A scheme of Electricity billing system called

PREPAID ENERGY METER WITH TARIFF INDICATOR .


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EQUIPMENT USED

The Major Equipment used here are:

o AT89S52 Microcontroller

o EEPROM

o Liquid Crystal Display(LCD)

o Relay


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PRESENTLYWHEREITUSED

In the UK, mechanical prepayment meters used to be

common in rented accommodation. In the UK, one system is the PayPoint network, where

rechargeable tokens (Quantum cards for natural gas, orplastic "keys" for electricity) can be loaded withwhatever money the customer has available.

In South Africa, Sudan and Northern Ireland prepaidmeters are recharged by entering a unique, encodedtwenty digit number using a keypad. This makes thetokens, essentially a slip of paper, very cheap to

produce.

Around the world, experiments are going on, especiallyin developing countries, to test pre-payment systems.

To make the system easily accessible by customers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPoint


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AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER

8K Bytes of In-System Flash Memory 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines

Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources


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PIN DIAGRAM OF AT89S52


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PIN DESCRIPTION

Vcc

Pin 40 provides supply voltage to the chip. Thevoltage source is +5V.

GNDPin 20 is the ground.

RESET

Pin9 is the reset pin. It is an input and is active

high. Upon applying a high pulse to this pin, themicrocontroller will reset and terminate all theactivities. This is often referred to as a power-onreset.


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EEPROM(ELECTRICALLYERASABLEPROGRAMMABLE READONLYMEMORY)

The 24C04 is a 4Kbytes electrically erasableprogrammable memory (EEPROM), organized as 2blocks of 256 x8 bits. They are manufactured in STMicroelectronics

Hi-Endurance Advanced CMOS technology whichguarantees an endurance of one million erase/writecycles with a data retention of 40 years.

The memories are compatible with the I2C

standard, two wire serial interface which uses a bi-directional data bus and serial clock


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PINDIAGRAMOFEEPROM


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LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY(LCD)

In our project we will be using a LCD for displayingbalance . We will be using a 16x2 LCD for thispurpose.

We interface LCD with Micro Controller as shown


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RELAY

A relay is an electrically controllable switch widelyused in industrial controls, automobiles andappliances.

Fig: Circuit symbol of a relay


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RELAYOPERATION

Transistors and ICs must be protected from thebrief high voltage 'spike' produced when the relaycoil is switched off.


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POWER SUPPLIENG UNIT

This system uses 5V regulated power supply for themicrocontroller and ADC unit and 18V supply for the load.

This is provided by the 18V, 2Amp transformer.


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BUZZER

The buzzer subsystem produces an audible tonewhen powered.

Buzzers come in a variety of voltages and currents.The power supply for the buzzer (which can beseparate from the supply for the rest of theelectronics) must provide the voltage needed by thebuzzer.


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LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductorlight source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps inmany devices and are increasingly used for otherlighting.

. LEDs present many advantages over incandescentlight sources including lower energy consumption,longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size,and faster switching.


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BLOCK DIAGRAM

RESET

16X2 LCD

BUZZER

EEPROM

SLOT FOR

RECHARGE

Crystal

Oscillator

RelayEnergy

Meter

Load

AT 89S52

MCU

230v/18v StepdownT/F

5V Regulatedsupply


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WORKING OF THE PROJECT

We can divide the working of the entire project intotwo major parts.

Where one is Loading the amount into the unit.

And the other is consumption of the amount anddisplaying that on a LCD.

In first part we insert the recharged card into theslot and load the amount into the unit.

And in the later one the ADC(Energy Meter)countsthe units utilized by the consumer and will convertthe analog data into digital data and will give to thecontroller.


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CONTD..,

Now the Micro Controller will decrease the amountfollowing the usage calculated according to the tariffprogrammed.

The net balance will be displayed in LCD.

This system is designed to provide a greateradvantage for producing voice based announcementfor the user. This APR9600 module continuouslyindicates the user with voice based announcements.

The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voicerecording, non-volatile storage, and playbackcapability for 40 to 60 seconds.


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SOFTWARE TOOLS

We use KEIL and PROLOAD softwares to write theprogram in embedded C language and to dump theprogram into the Micro Controller respectively.

KEIL

KEIL is a software used where the machine languagecode is written and compiled. After compilation, themachine source code is converted into hex codewhich is to be dumped into the microcontroller forfurther processing. KEIL compiler also supports C

language code.


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CONTD..,

PROLOAD

PROLOAD is a software which accepts only hexfiles.

Once the machine code is converted into hex code,that hex code has to be dumped into themicrocontroller placed in the programmer kit andthis is done by the PROLOAD.


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ADVANTAGES

Advantage for the electricity department as this unit canbe utilized effectively for preventing power theft, non-payment of electricity bills etc

Cost of manpower for billing / collection is reduced.

Sophisticated security

Better customer service


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APPLICATIONS

Banks

Offices

Industries

Jeweler Shops and Home Applications


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SCOPE FOR FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS

CARD SECURITY-Programming a PIN number to theEEPROM card to avoid un authorized usage of thecard.

INTERFACING A GSM-We can implement anadvancement to this system by interfacing a GSMmodem to the system so that we can get the balanceinformation to our mobile as well we can recharge it

from anywhere.


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CONCLUSION

Prepaid energy meter is a concept to minimize theElectricity theft with a cost efficient manner.

The users are not bound to pay excesses amount ofmoney , users have to pay according to theirrequirement .

It can reduces problem associated with billingconsumer living in isolated area and reducesdeployment of manpower for taking meter readings.

Prepaid energy meter is more reliable and userfriendly.


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prepaid energy meter-2003_2

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