preparation of the training material

PREPARATION OF THE TRAINING MATERIAL

By

Dr. U. M. Farooqui

Objectives:

At the end of the lecture, trainees will be able to –§ List the types of Training Material§ Explain the procedure for development of

the Training Material§ Explain the methods for validation of the

Training Material

Structure of the Lecture :

The structure of the lecture will be to describe –§ Types of the Training Material§ Need for the Training Material§ Sources of the Training Material§ Planning for the training material§ Preparation of the training material§ The methods for validation of the training

material

What is Training Material

“The material used by the trainers for effective delivery of training”

§Material used by the trainers themselves

§ Those distributed to the participants during the course for upgrading their knowledge and skill

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Training Material Includes…

§ Transparencies§ Flipchart§ Handouts§ Exercises etc* It does not include Chalk, Markers, Overhead

Projectors, Blank Transparencies, Note Pads etc

Role of Training Material

§ Enhance Effectiveness of the Training

§ Contribute to achievement of the Objectives

§ Reduce duration of the Training

Identify Training Needs

PERFORMANCE

ImplementTraining

Plan & DesignTraining

Assess Results

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Development of Training Material

According to some authors…According to some authors…It is distinct stage in the “Systematic Approach to Training”It is distinct stage in the “Systematic Approach to Training”

Types of Training Material

§ TRAINER MATERIALMaterial required by Trainer in the classroom

§ LEARNER MATERIALMaterial for classroom useMaterial for post course use

Types of Training Material – Schematic Diagram

Trainer Material Learner Material

Training Material

Process Sheet, Visuals,Instructions for Games & Exercises etc.

For Post Course UseFor classroom Use

HandoutsPre-course Reading MaterialCase StudiesDescriptions/ Scripts, Exercises

HandoutsPerformance aids

TRAINER MATERIAL• Process sheet:§ The topic§ Content in brief§ Methods of delivery (Lecture, Group

discussion, exercise, Case Study, etc.,)§ Hardware (OHP, Flip Chart, etc.) and software

(Handout, Checklists, Visuals, etc.) requiredfor the session§ The questions to be raised by the faculty§ Questions which may be raised by the

participants§ Examples for reinforcement of learning

TRAINING MATERIAL …… contd.

§ Visuals: Variety of Visual Aids such as, Power Point, slide shows, Transparencies, Flip charts, White/Chalk Board, Models, etc.§ Instruction Sheets for conducting exercises,

Case Studies, etc. § Key containing the answers for the questions

in the exercises, quiz, etc. § Checklist for logistics to organize the course

MATERIAL FOR DISTRIBUTION

Two Broad categories:

§ Material for classroom use

§ Material for Post-course use

MATERIAL FOR CLASSROOM USE• Handouts:§ Post-course reference material for extended

learning§ Used during the duration of the course

• Pre-Course Reading Material (PCRM):§ Reading materials sent in advance to ensure

participants possess the requisite level ofknowledge at the time of commencement of thecourse§ To improve divergence in the Entry behavior§ For reducing the duration of the course

Material for classroom use…. Contd.

• Checklists:§ Used for completing the exercises, group

exercises, etc.§ Checklists are also used as Performance Aids to

facilitate job performance after the course isover.

• Case Studies:§ Role Descriptions/script§ Exercises. Instructions sheets on exercises, games,

etc.

Material for classroom use…. Contd.

§ Role Descriptions/Scripts:These are necessary before a Role Play is conducted.§ Exercises: May be a part of the delivery

process or used for reinforcement of learning. Also serve as a tool for Assessment in the learning.§ Instruction Sheets: on Exercises, Games etc.

Post Course Reading Material

§ HANDOUTS: Meant to extend learning and may contain material for reference on as required basis.§ PERFORMANCE AIDS: Prepared by the

trainers to facilitate the job performance§ Check List§ Tip List§ Task Lists§ Etc.

Need for the Training Material

§ Normally it is desirable to have handouts on the content in the course§ Pre-course material needed for reducing the

course duration or smoothening the Entry Behavior.§ When topics covered through Case Study,

Role Play, Exercise, Games etc need specific Training Material.§ Performance Aids

Source of Training Material§ Books§ Journals§ Research papers§ Other publications§ Articles in the Web Pages§ Material used by similar training institutions§ Material prepared in the past on related topics§ Materials specifically prepared for the course

Factors for the choice of Material

§ Cost of preparation, replication & distribution§ Time available for preparation§ Expertise available for preparation§ Extent of suitability of material§ Entry behavior of the learner§ Resources available with the

learner/trainers/ training institutions

Advantages & Disadvantages

§ Giving Reference of a Book or an Article will save replication & distribution of copied.§ Only when appropriate library support is

there

§ Reference of article on web page is helpful,§ Only when participants have access to

Internet facility

Advantages & Disadvantages….contd.

§ Material used by similar traininginstitutions

§ Materials prepared in the past on relatedtopics

§ Materials specifically prepared for a course

Planning of Training Material

§ What for it is prepared?§ For Whom it is prepared?§ How it is to be used?§ When it is to be used?

For example Handouts prepared for common starting point.For example an exercise could be for generating discussion

Planning of Training Material…contd

Second Consideration§ Profile of the Learner

Age, experience, educational level, motivation for learning, preferred style of learning, time available etc.§ Diverse entry behavior

Care should be taken that the material is suitable for a wide spectrum of learners.

Preparation of the Training Material

• Depends on type of material, Handout or a case study or Exercise

• Two common aspects§ Content§ Presentation

Content of the Training Material

§ Content should be determined on the basis of the Objectives§ Objective should be in learner’s terms§ What learner should be able to do after going

through the material§ Desirable to have objectives written on the

top of the material, especially in handouts

Content of the Training Material … contd

§ Identification of source of information – UN Conventions§ Contacting the Source – If necessary§ Checking the authenticity of the information§ Segregating required data from available data§ Prioritization of the information§ Finalization of the data to be included in the

training material

Mind Mapping - Spray Diagram

Focus on the Objectives & let your imagination riot over the topic§ Without which Objectives cannot be achieved

- MUST§ Which facilitates achievement of Objectives

- SHOULD§ Nice to have for fulfillment of Objectives

- COULD§ NEXT-Determination of data/info on the

points

DECIDING CONTENT

COULD

OBJECTIVE

MUST

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SHOULD

STRUCTURING THE CONTENT

• Where a trainee is preparedfor instruction

• where instruction is carriedout and a trainee learns

• where instruction isconsolidated and objectiveachieved.

BEGINNING

MIDDLE

END

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Actual Preparation –After content is finalized

§ Desirable to give a short & catchy TITLE§ Objective of the material may be explained at

the top of the material§ The reader for whom material is meant may

be mentioned

Actual Preparation –After content is finalized …contd.§ Opening line of the paragraph – indication of

the content § Organize paragraph – Each dealing with a

single idea§ Provide appropriate margin – white space

increases readability§ Follow appropriate numbering scheme for

sub-headings & paragraphs

Actual Preparation– After the content is finalized …cont.§ Maintain uniform scheme for alignment,

indenting, bulleting, font styles like bold, italics etc.§ Chose appropriate font type & font size§ Make language simple to read§ Provide illustrations where necessary§ Use figures, tables, charts etc where necessary§ Provide information on authorship § Acknowledge the contribution

Validation of the Training material

§ Whether it meets requirement?§ Whether the objectives are met?§ Whether the information is authentic?§ Whether suitable for the users?§ Whether it will sustain readers learner interest?§ Whether made simpler & easier to read?§ Whether flexible to suit variations in the entry

Behavior of the target group?

Measures for Validation

§ Review by the author§ Review by experts§ Conducting validation workshops§ Pilot run

SUMMARY

Today we have learnt –§ Types of the Training Material§ Need for the Training Material§ Sources of the Training Material§ Planning for the training material§ The procedure for Development of the training

material§ Development of training material for online training

session§ The methods for validation of the training

material

Thank You

Check list for LECTURE

PLANNING§ Identify topic§ Prepare a spray diagram§ Edit spray diagram to identify MUST items§ Express MUST items as an objective§ Consider entry behavior of trainees§ Consider size of group§ Decide Structure to be used

Check list for LECTURE …….. Cotd.

§ Consider visual aid hardware available§ Prepare formal visual presentation of major

points§ Consider informal visual aids§ Decide when to invite questions§ Decide timing§ Decide how learning/performance is to be

assessed

Check list for LECTURE …….. Cotd

§ Write lecture notes§ Check timing§ Check accommodation§ Check equipments

INTRODUCTION§ Gain attention/rapport§ Explain for learning topic§ State Objective§ Link to entry Behavior§ State participation§ Outline content & structure§ State finish time



DEVELOPMENT§ Modulate voice to suit size of the group§ Avoid reading lecture notes§ Use language appropriate to trainees§ Keep check of estimated time§ Give relevant examples to in support§ Maintain eye contact§ Present visual aids only when needed


§ Avoid reading visual presentation word to word§ Assess trainee’s reaction and adjust if

necessary§ Assist learning by use of informal visual aids§ Check trainees understanding where

appropriate§ Where possible invite trainees participation


SUMMARY § Restate purpose/reason for learning about topic§ Restate objective§ Review content & major points§ Invite final question§ Carryout performance assessment where

appropriate§ Give feedback

Development of Training Material– Reinforcement Quiz

Please indicate whether following statements are TRUE or FALSE

1. The Course Material forms an integral part of the training process.

2. Selection of course material does not depend on the duration of the course.

3. Objectives must be stated at the beginning of every handout distributed in the training course.

Development of Training Material– Reinforcement Quiz ….contd.

5. Age of the target group is a factor to be considered while preparing the training material

6. Training material can be useful only for up gradation of knowledge and not for skill development.

7. Some training material may help to reduce and save the time of training.


8. Visual Aids used do not fall under the category of training material

9. The author of the training material need not be present in the validation workshop.

10. The training material should use the same type and size of font the font through out.

Development of Training Material– Reinforcement Quiz ….contd.Arrange the following in chronological order

a) Pilot runb) Identification of an appropriate source of

information.c) Conducting workshop to validate material.d) Identification types of material required to

be developed.e) Literature study


f) Determination of margins and alignmentsg) Spray Diagramh) Setting up of the objectivesg) Acknowledgment of the contributors.h) Identification of the margins and alignments.

preparation of the training material

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