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Prepared by Dr. Ahmed Azmy Slide 2 SPACE Space is the relative position of one two or three-dimensional object to another. Slide 3 SPACE Slide 4 Slide 5 5 Space constantly encompasses our being. Through the volume of space, we move, see forms, hear sounds, feel breezes, smell the fragrances of a flower garden in bloom. It is a material substance like wood or stone. Yet it is an inherently formless vapor. Its visual forms, its dimensions and scale, the quality of its light all of these qualities depends on our perception of the spatial boundaries defined by elements of form. As space begins to be captured, enclosed, modeled, and organized by the elements of mass, architecture comes into being. Form and Space: the Unity of opposites Slide 6 SPACE Space is one of the most important considerations an architect must think about while designing a building, because the sizes of rooms and hallways, the height of ceilings and the ease of entering and exiting each living area must carefully match the function of the building. Architects chose dimensions of rooms to match the number of people who will occupy the space and the amount of activity that will occur in it. To make a building more interesting, architects will experiment with aesthetic qualities of space by varying the width and height of rooms through which people will move. Slide 7 SPACE Slide 8 Slide 9 Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12 Architects also speak of space as the amount of land that will be occupied by a building on a site. The remaining area is called open space. Slide 13 SPACE Slide 14 Texture Refers to surface quality, its smoothness, roughness, and softness. May be Tactile (can be felt with the fingers) or Visual (suggested by the way the artist has painted a certain area of a picture. Slide 15 Texture Texture is both a visual and a tactile phenomenon. Tactile textures are real; we can actually feel their surfaces with our fingers. Slide 16 Texture Visual textures are illusionary; they simply give the impression of real textures Slide 17 Texture Slide 18 Slide 19 Texture often refers to the material that something is made of : Examples include: Roughness Smoothness Coarseness Fineness Slide 20 Slide 21 Expression : Natural, Hard, Cold and Strength Granite Expression : Warm, Craftsmanship, Permanency, Heaviness and Practical Brick Slide 22 Expression : Natural, Organic and warm Wood Expression : Efficiency, lightness, Temporality, cold, Hard and Purity of line steel Slide 23 Expression : Cold, Clean, Fragile and Open Glass Expression : Freedom, Stability, Permanency and Solidity Concrete Slide 24 a) seeking material unity (large number of different materials tend to create a sense of disunity ) b) atmosphere or feeling (expression) c) texture compatibility (association among materials) d) surrounding buildings (uses and patterns) Selection of materials should be done with a high degree of coordination: Slide 25 Texture An architect creates texture in building by certain choices of materials. Heavy, jagged stone may be used in a building to give it a rough texture, whereas delicate, carved woods can give a structure a light and airy look. Slide 26 Texture Slide 27 Slide 28 Slide 29 Slide 30 Colour Colour is the response of the eye to differing wavelengths of radiation within the visible spectrum. Can strengthen or diminish interest in a project. Influences the final appearance of any design. To create effective designs, a designer must understand the nature and relationship of colors. Slide 31 Colour There are many different kinds of colour systems, and many different theories on colour. Primary Colors: RED YELLOW BLUE Secondary Colors: Can be made from equal mixtures of 2 primary colors GREENcombination of yellow and blue VIOLETcombination of blue and red ORANGEcombination of red and yellow Tertiary Colors: A combination of a primary color and a neighboring secondary color RED&ORANGE, YELLOW&ORANGE, YELLOW&GREEN BLUE&VIOLET, BLUE&GREEN Slide 32 Colour 1. Hue Where the colour is positioned on the colour wheel. A color wheel a chart used to show the relationship between colors. Terms such as red, blue-green, and mauve all define the hue of a given colour Properties of Colour Slide 33 2- Value The general lightness or darkness of a colour. In general, how close to black or white a given colour is. Slide 34 3- Saturation The intensity or level of chrome, of a colour. The more gray a colour has in it, the less chrome it has. Properties of Colour Slide 35 Colour Monochromatic Scheme: This colour scheme involves the use of only one hue. The hue can vary in value, and black or white may be added to create various shades or tints. Colour Schemes Slide 36 Analogous Scheme: This colour scheme involves the use of colours that are located adjacent on the colour wheel. The hues may vary in value. The colour scheme for this site is analogous, with the colours varying only slightly from each other. Slide 37 Colour Schemes Complementary Scheme: This colour scheme involves the use of colours that are located opposite on the colour wheel such as red and green, yellow and purple, or orange and blue. Complementary colours produce a very exciting, dynamic pattern. Slide 38 Colour Warm and Cool Colours Slide 39 Warm Colors that create a feeling of warmth, informality, cheer and happiness are: RED, ORANGE, and YELLOW. Warm Colours Slide 40 Cool Colour Cool Colors that create a feeling of quiet, formality, restfulness and coolness are: BLUE and GREEN Slide 41 Colour Architects use colour in the choice of materials used to construct a building. However, the architect must consider the colour effect of every element of a building's construction, from the earthy colours of primary construction materials like wood, stone, brick and marble, to the expansive variety of colours available for paint, doors, windows, siding, and trim. Slide 42 Colour Slide 43 Slide 44 Slide 45 Slide 46 LIGHT AND DARK Values can be exercised in all colors. The range of the values can be changed by adding white to lighten or tint a color. Adding black will create a shade of the original color which will appear darker. Slide 47 LIGHT AND DARK Slide 48 Slide 49 Light and dark are relative perceptions of light. Architects use the concept of light and dark as they create visual interest on a building by choosing shapes that create a sensation of depth. When some shapes stick out, they leave others in shadow. Narrow openings often appear dark, flat spaces look light. LIGHT AND DARK Slide 50 Slide 51 Slide 52 Materials can be used to vary the light quality of a building. LIGHT AND DARK